{"id":1988,"date":"2010-02-10T18:19:43","date_gmt":"2010-02-10T10:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=1988"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:21:27","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:21:27","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%9b%b8%e8%a9%95%e3%80%91%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e6%88%96%e6%95%99%e9%a4%8a%ef%bc%9a%e8%a7%a3%e9%96%8b%e4%ba%ba%e6%a0%bc%e5%b7%ae%e7%95%b0%e4%b9%8b%e8%ac%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=1988","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u66f8\u8a55\u3011\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u6559\u990a\uff1a\u89e3\u958b\u4eba\u683c\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u8b0e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u25a0 \u7f8e\u570b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Judith Rich Harris\u7e7c\u300a\u6559\u990a\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\u300b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53c8\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u300a\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u6559\u990a\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u958b\u4eba\u5011\u6027\u683c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5982\u540c\u66f8\u540d\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300cNo Two Alike\uff08\u6c92\u6709\u54ea\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u8ddf\u6559\u990a\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u540c\u5375\u96d9\u80de\u80ce\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u9023\u9ad4\u5b30\uff09\u5c31\u7406\u61c9\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u500b\u6027\uff0c\u770b\u4f86\u300c\u5147\u624b\u53e6\u6709\u5176\u4eba\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>?<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1990 alignright\" style=\"margin: 0px 10px;\" title=\"no_two_alike\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/no_two_alike.jpg\" alt=\"no_two_alike\" width=\"249\" height=\"381\" \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u64b0\u6587<\/strong> \u2223 \u5f35\u5b5f\u54f2<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: left\"><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>\u4e94\u689d\u7d05\u9be1\u9b5a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u300c\u6211\u544a\u8a34\u904e\u4f60\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u4e86\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9078\u9805\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u7121\u8ad6\u591a\u9ebc\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u76f8\uff1f\u300d<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><em>\u2013\u2013<\/em><em>\u798f\u723e\u6469\u65af\uff08Sherlock Holmes\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5f9e\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u53bb\u63a2\u8a0e\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u958b\u59cb\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c<em>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u662f<strong>\u6211<\/strong>\uff1f<\/em>\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u4ee3\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u50cf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5929\u751f\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u548c\u8af8\u5982\u6b64\u985e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8a66\u8457\u63d0\u51fa\u770b\u4f3c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u4f50\u8b49\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1<strong>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/strong>\u638c\u63e1\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8331\u8482\u7d72\uff0e\u54c8\u745e\u65af\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judith_Rich_Harris\">Judith Rich Harris<\/a>\uff09\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u81ea\u6bd4\u70ba\u5b89\u6a02\u6905\u795e\u63a2\uff08\u5979\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u751f\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9577\u5e74\u884c\u52d5\u4e0d\u4fbf\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f9e\u65c1\u4eba\u5e6b\u5fd9\u8490\u96c6\u7684\u6587\u737b\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5716\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u540c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u8f14\u4ee5\u6070\u7576\u800c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u5982\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u76f4\u89ba\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u90a3\u9ebc\u55ae\u7d14\u3002\u54c8\u745e\u65af\u5217\u8209\u4e86\u4e94\u500b\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5f62\u6210\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u985e\u6bd4\u6210\u7d93\u5e38\u8aa4\u5c0e\u7375\u72ac\u8ffd\u8e64\u6c23\u5473\u7684\u300c\u7d05\u9be1\u9b5a\uff08red herring\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9010\u4e00\u52a0\u4ee5\u6aa2\u8996\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9019\u4e9b\u7d05\u9be1\u9b5a\u6709\u8457\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u6d3e\u3001\u64c1\u6709\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u793e\u7fa4\u652f\u6301\u3002\u800c\u54c8\u745e\u65af\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u4e94\u689d\u7d05\u9be1\u9b5a\u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u51fa\u751f\u5225\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a66\u8457\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u72af\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u5728\u9032\u884c\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6642\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8a8d\u5b9a\u4eba\u7684\u500b\u6027\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u6046\u5b9a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u6b78\u56e0\u932f\u8aa4\u300d\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u6642\u9593\u9806\u5e8f\u8207\u56e0\u679c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7d93\u7531\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5340\u8fa8\u8207\u66f4\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u6578\u64da\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996\uff0c\u54c8\u745e\u65af\u63a8\u8ad6\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6027\u5927\u7d04\u670945%\u4f86\u81ea\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u6975\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5269\u4e0b\u6578\u91cf\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eba\u5011\u5373\u4f7f\u4eab\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6210\u9577\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u5982\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u990a\u5144\u5f1f\uff09\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u6210\uff08\u5982\u540c\u5375\u96d9\u80de\u80ce\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u5404\u81ea\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u6027\u683c\u8fe5\u7570\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7a2e\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u52a0\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u54c8\u745e\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u69cb\u6210\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u85c9\u6b64\u5c07\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u5011\u6027\u683c\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5147\u624b\u4e00\u8209\u6210\u64d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>?<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <\/strong><strong>\u4eba\u7684\u6f14\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u300c\u552f\u6709\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u4e4b\u5149\u7684\u7167\u8000\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u300d<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><em>\u2013\u2013<\/em><em>\u7279\u5967\u591a\u4fee\u65af\uff0e\u591a\u5e03\u7136\u65af\u57fa\uff08Theodosius Dobzhansky\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1991\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1991\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991\" title=\"Oude School@flicker\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/Oude-School@flicker.jpg\" alt=\"Oude School@flicker\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1991\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4e00\u5c0d\u540c\u5375\u96d9\u80de\u80ce\u548c\u5979\u5011\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u3002\u300c\u70ba\u4f55\u540c\u5375\u96d9\u80de\u80ce\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u500b\u6027\uff1f\u300d\u9019\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u9054\u723e\u6587\u65bc\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u300b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u6ef2\u900f\u9032\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\u548c\u63a8\u8ad6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u82e5\u8981\u5957\u7528\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5247\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u9053\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u754c\u7dda\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u9084\u662f\u628a\u5979\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7cfb\u7d71\u69cb\u7bc9\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u865f\u7a31\u6839\u57fa\u65bc\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u5225\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u4eba\u7a2e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u512a\u52a3\u3001\u6216\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u8aaa\u6cd5\u660e\u986f\u5730\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u5c0d\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6df7\u96dc\u9032\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6b78\u56e0\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u8ffd\u6839\u7a76\u67e2\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u514d\u5728\u6697\u5730\u88e1\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u8f03\u52d5\u7269\u4f86\u5f97\u512a\u8d8a\uff0c\u8655\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u9802\u9ede\u3002\u800c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4ee3\u8868\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u5728\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u78b0\u89f8\u5230\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u751f\u7269\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u95dc\u5207\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a66\u5716\u53bb\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5c07\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u5f9e\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u662f\u5728\u751f\u7406\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u9023\u63a5\u4e4b\u8655\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u69cb\u5728\u7269\u8cea\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u7fa4\u5c45\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u5718\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u958b\u59cb\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u751f\u5b58\u6a5f\u7387\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u500b\u6027\u300d\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u96a8\u8457\u8089\u9ad4\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u300c\u500b\u6027\u300d\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u57fa\u56e0\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9019\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u76f8\u7570\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u8de8\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u500b\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5979\u628a\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u6a21\u7d44\u5316\uff0c\u5283\u5206\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u4f5c\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6574\u9ad4\u500b\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u6f14\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u89e3\u91cb\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b89\u6a02\u6905\u795e\u63a2\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c08\u9580\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4f5c\u70ba\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4f50\u8b49\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u73fe\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9a57\u8b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5075\u63a2\u6307\u8a8d\u4e86\u5147\u624b\uff0c\u4f46\u5147\u624b\u4ecd\u5728\u9003\uff0c\u6709\u5f85\u8b66\u65b9\u7e69\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>?<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <\/strong><strong>\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u683c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u300c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u7684\u4e8b\u2026\u2026\u662f\u4ed6\u5f97\u8981\u53bb\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u500b\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u662f\u5177\u6709\u76ee\u6a19\u6307\u5411\u6027\u7684\u3002\u300d<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><em>\u2013\u2013<\/em><em>\u67ef\u6797\uff0e\u76ae\u6ed5\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\uff08Colin Pittendrigh\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u82e5\u8b93\u6211\u8a66\u8457\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5b78\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u63d0\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\uff08control theory\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u9818\u57df\u88e1\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea4\u932f\u3001\u95dc\u4fc2\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a\u8a0a\u606f\u8ad6\u3001\u7cfb\u7d71\u8ad6\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u8ad6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u4f5c\u70ba\u907a\u50b3\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u7269\u651c\u5e36\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u793e\u6703\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u6703\u540c\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u8a0a\u606f\u8207\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5404\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u56de\u994b\u300d\u3002\u56de\u994b\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u6b63\u56de\u994b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8ca0\u56de\u994b\u300d\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u6703\u70ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u5e36\u4f86\u767c\u6563\u548c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u8da8\u7570\u548c\u8da8\u540c\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u8981\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u96dc\u97f3\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4f7f\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7522\u751f\u5dee\u7570\u6027\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u8981\u540c\u6642\u80fd\u5920\u5408\u4f5c\u8207\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u8abf\u7bc0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u6cd5\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u9810\u5b9a\u76ee\u6a19\u300c\u5e36\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u300d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7d14\u7cb9\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u751f\u7406\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u6240\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8d77\u56e0\u81ea\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u300c<em>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u662f<strong>\u6211<\/strong><\/em>\uff1f\u300d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7dca\u63a5\u5728\u5f8c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c<em>\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\uff1f<\/em>\u300d\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u7576\u521d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u683c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u5851\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u6bb5\u88e1\u6709\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u69cb\u6210\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u6b78\u56e0\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6182\u9b31\u75c7\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5b83\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5148\u5929\u907a\u50b3\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u537b\u53c8\u88ab\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u652f\u914d\u4e86\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u300a\u6559\u990a\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\u300b\uff08The Nurture Assumption\uff09\u96d6\u7136\u51fa\u7248\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5c0d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u6709\u8457\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9ad4\u6703\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u672c\u66f8\u4e92\u76f8\u53c3\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n<p>?<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. <\/strong><strong>\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u672c\u66f8\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u672c\u79d1\u666e\u66f8\u7c4d\u53ef\u8b02\u76f8\u7576\u7a31\u8077\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u54c8\u745e\u65af\u6587\u7b46\u6d41\u66a2\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4e5f\u5217\u8209\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f8b\u8b49\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u8b80\u8005\u5373\u4f7f\u9762\u5c0d\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4f5c\u8005\u60f3\u8868\u9054\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u54c8\u745e\u65af\u8eab\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u54c8\u4f5b\u5fc3\u7406\u7cfb\u9000\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u5708\u4e4b\u5916\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4ee5\u7576\u5e74\u7576\u6389\u5979\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5b78\u8005\u70ba\u540d\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u734e\u9805\u2014\u300c\u55ac\u6cbb\uff0e\u7c73\u52d2\u734e\u300d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53c8\u5e73\u6dfb\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u50b3\u5947\u8272\u5f69\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u683c\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u5468\u5168\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u89e3\u8b80\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8853\u8a9e\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u61c9\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u66f8\u7684\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u4efd\u5f9e\u5404\u500b\u9762\u5411\u5efa\u69cb\u8d77\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c0d\u65bc\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u7559\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5c31\u5148\u4e0d\u8aaa\u5f97\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6216\u8a31\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u884c\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e0d\u59a8\u53c3\u8003\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u300a\u6559\u990a\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u539f\u540d\uff1a<em>No Two Alike: Human Nature and Human Individuality<\/em><br \/>\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>\u8331\u8482\u65af\uff0e\u54c8\u745e\u65af\uff08Judith Rich Harris\uff09<br \/>\n<strong>\u8b6f\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>\u6d2a\u862d<br \/>\n<strong>\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff1a<\/strong>\u5546\u5468\u51fa\u7248<br \/>\n<strong>\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\uff1a<\/strong>2007\u5e7406\u670826\u65e5<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u73fe\u70ba\u4ea4\u5927\u96fb\u6a5f\u8207\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u7a0b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\uff0c\u696d\u9918\u79d1\u5e7b\u6587\u5b78\u611b\u597d\u8005\uff09?<\/p>\n<p>?<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aMissZoe<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0 \u7f8e\u570b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Judith Rich <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,3293],"tags":[117,192,70,57,81,193],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1988"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1988"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1988\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5543,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1988\/revisions\/5543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}