{"id":19839,"date":"2014-12-12T00:52:03","date_gmt":"2014-12-11T16:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=19839"},"modified":"2017-07-25T10:44:37","modified_gmt":"2017-07-25T02:44:37","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%a4%8d%e7%89%a9%e5%a6%99%e7%94%a8%e3%80%91%e9%9d%92%e6%a3%b5%ef%bc%88hullessbarley%ef%bc%89%e5%b9%ab%e5%8a%a9%e8%97%8f%e4%ba%ba%e5%be%80%e9%ab%98%e8%99%95%e5%ae%9a%e5%b1%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=19839","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u690d\u7269\u5999\u7528\u3011\u9752\u7a1e\uff08hullessbarley\uff09\u5e6b\u52a9\u85cf\u4eba\u5f80\u9ad8\u8655\u5b9a\u5c45"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u9ad8\u539f\u5c45\uff0c\u5927\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u539f\u4f86\u9752\u7a1e\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u9069\u61c9\u9ad8\u539f\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"20110829140519_41291\"\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u8449\u7da0\u8212<\/p>\n

\u7b46\u8005\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6642\u66fe\u7d93\u53c3\u52a0\u904e\u6551\u570b\u5718\u7684\u8c37\u95dc\u6230\u9b25\u71df\u3002\u64da\u8aaa\u71df\u5730\u7684\u6d77\u62d4\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u4e00\u5343\u516c\u5c3a\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u96d6\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u5f15\u767c\u9ad8\u5c71\u75c7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u71df\u968a\u7684\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u4eba\u6d41\u9f3b\u8840\u3002\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u4e5f\u6d41\u9f3b\u8840\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4e00\u5343\u516c\u5c3a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u4eba\u5148\u5f8c\u51fa\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1b\u7576\u6642\u7b46\u8005\u5c31\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f(Tibetan Plateau)\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u9069\u61c9\u9ad8\u5730\u6c23\u5019\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u6642\u7e3d\u4ee5\u70ba\u300c\u4e45\u4e86\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u662f\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u5e36\u6709\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba(Denisovans)\u7684EPAS-1\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9069\u61c9\u9ad8\u539f\u74b0\u5883[1]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u771f\u80fd\u5728\u9ad8\u539f\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7121\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u72e9\u7375-\u63a1\u96c6\uff08hunter-gatherer\uff09\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u65cf\u7fa4\u5728\u8a72\u5730\u4fbf\u4e0d\u6703\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u3001\u82f1\u570b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e8653\u500b\u53e4\u4ee3\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u907a\u5740\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u539f\u4f86\u85cf\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u9ad8\u6d77\u62d4\u5730\u5340\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5f97\u529b\u65bc\u9752\u7a1e\uff08Hordeum vulgare<\/em>\u00a0Linn. var. nudum Hook.f.\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u4e94\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u5e74\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u4e45\u9060\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u904e\u8457\u72e9\u7375-\u63a1\u96c6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u5011\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u9010\u7375\u7269\uff0c\u5076\u800c\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6d77\u62d44300\u516c\u5c3a\u7684\u9ad8\u5c71\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e94\u5343\u4e5d\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u85cf\u4eba\u7531\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5c0f\u7c73(Foxtail millet\uff0cSetaria italica<\/em>)\u8207\u9ecd(broomcorn\/proso millet\uff0cPanicum miliaceum)<\/em>\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5b78\u8457\u8015\u4f5c\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u5c0f\u7c73\u7684\u8015\u4f5c\u6162\u6162\u7684\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u7531\u72e9\u7375-\u63a1\u96c6\u8f49\u70ba\u5b9a\u5c45\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f(\u4e94\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u5e74\u5230\u4e09\u5343\u516d\u767e\u5e74\u524d)\uff0c\u85cf\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6d77\u62d42500\u516c\u5c3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u5340\u3002\u63a8\u6e2c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5c0f\u7c73\u7121\u6cd5\u62b5\u64cb\u9ad8\u6d77\u62d4\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5bd2\u51ac\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u90fd\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6d77\u62d42500\u516c\u5c3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5c0f\u7c73\uff08Foxtail
\u5c0f\u7c73\uff08Foxtail millet\uff09\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Panicum_miliaceum0\"
\u9ecd\uff08Proso millet\uff09\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u5927\u7d04\u5728\u4e09\u5343\u516d\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u9752\u7a1e\uff08\u5927\u9ea5\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff09\u50b3\u5165\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u3002\u9752\u7a1e\u7684\u50b3\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f80\u66f4\u9ad8\u5730\uff08\u6d77\u62d42500\u516c\u5c3a\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u79fb\u52d5\uff1b\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u5730\u7684\u907a\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u898b\u5c0f\u7c73\u8207\u9ecd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u9752\u7a1e\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u7a40\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8f03\u4f4e\u5730\u5340\u5247\u6210\u70ba\u4e09\u7a2e\u7a40\u7269\uff08\u9752\u7a1e\u3001\u5c0f\u7c73\u3001\u9ecd\uff09\u4e26\u884c\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u5730\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9752\u7a1e\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8010\u5bd2\u7684\u5c0f\u9ea5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dbf\u7f8a\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u85cf\u4eba\u5ea6\u904e\u6625\u590f\u79cb\u51ac[2]\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u9752\u7a1e\uff08\u5927\u9ea5\uff09\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\"
\u9752\u7a1e\uff08\u5927\u9ea5\uff09\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9752\u7a1e\uff08\u5927\u9ea5\uff09\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u80a5\u6c83\u6708\u5f4e\uff08Fertile Crescent\uff09\u99b4\u5316\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u719f\u671f\u6bd4\u5c0f\u9ea5\u77ed\uff0c\u53c8\u6bd4\u8f03\u8010\u65f1\u8010\u9e7d\uff0c\u5c0d\u80a5\u4efd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u6311\u5254\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u80a5\u6c83\u6708\u5f4e\u8207\u96c5\u5178\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5f8c\u671f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7a40\u7269\u3002\u5728\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9ad8\u5c71\u4e0a\u53ef\u7a2e\u690d\u5b63\u7bc0\u76f8\u5c0d\u7e2e\u77ed\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u6210\u719f\u671f\u8f03\u77ed\u53c8\u8010\u65f1\u3001\u8010\u9e7d\u4e14\u8010\u5bd2\u7684\u9752\u7a1e\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u7576\u4ec1\u4e0d\u8b93\u5730\u6210\u70ba\u9ad8\u5730\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u98df\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5927\u9ea5\u5e38\u88ab\u505a\u70ba\u98fc\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u91c0\u9020\u696d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u9ea5\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u6fb1\u7c89\u9176\uff08\u03b1-amylase\u4ee5\u53ca\u03b2-amylase\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6fb1\u7c89\u5206\u89e3\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u66f4\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u4f7f\u5564\u9152\u91c0\u9020\u66f4\u9806\u5229\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u9ea5\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7a40\u7269[3]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u9019\u500b\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u9ea5\u7684\u300c\u7372\u734e\u8a18\u9304\u300d\u4e0a\uff0c\u53c8\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u4e00\u7b46\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u767c\u73fe\u4f7f\u7b46\u8005\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u5728Jared Diamond\u7684\u300c\u69cd\u7832\u3001\u75c5\u83cc\u8207\u92fc\u9435\u300d\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fb2\u696d\u8981\u767c\u6e90\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u548c\u571f\u5730\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u6709\u9069\u7576\u7684\u7a40\u7269\u53ef\u7a2e\u690d\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u70ba\u4f55\u85cf\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u5f80\u66f4\u9ad8\u8655\u9077\u79fb\u8207\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5df2\u4e0d\u53ef\u8003\uff1b\u4f46\u8003\u53e4\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u544a\u8a34\u4e86\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u85cf\u4eba\u5728\u4e09\u5343\u516d\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5f80\u6d77\u62d42500\u516c\u5c3a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5340\u57df\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u9752\u7a1e\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/strong>
\n[1]. 2014\/7\/5.\u00a0\u85cf\u4eba\u9ad8\u539f\u57fa\u56e0\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u9060\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e<\/a>\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u793e\u3002
\n[2].F. H. Chen, G. H. Dong, D. J. Zhang, X. Y. Liu, X. Jia, C. B. An, M. M. Ma, Y. W. Xie, L. Barton, X. Y. Ren, Z. J. Zhao, X. H. Wu, M. K. Jones. 2014.\u00a0Agriculture facilitated permanent human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau after 3600 BP<\/a>. Science.
\n[3]. T.R. Sinclair,C.J. Sinclair. 2010. Bread, Beer and the Seeds of Change\uff1aAgriculture's Imprint on World History. ISBN\uff1a9781845937058
\n--<\/strong><\/span>
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