{"id":19742,"date":"2014-11-24T14:38:45","date_gmt":"2014-11-24T06:38:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=19742"},"modified":"2023-06-06T15:27:50","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T07:27:50","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%8f%b2%e6%b2%99%e9%be%8d%e3%80%91%e5%ad%b8%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e6%96%87%e5%ad%97%e9%9a%9c%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%a5%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%e8%ab%96%e7%82%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=19742","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u300c\u6587\u5b57\u969c\u300d\uff1a\u4ee5\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u70ba\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u300b\uff0c\u81be\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u61c2\u9019\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u738b\u9053\u9084\u8001\u5e2b\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6211\u5011\u6709\u300c\u6587\u5b57\u969c\u300d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"fitvids-video\"><iframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bkHzo5pxNN0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen title=\"\u738b\u9053\u9084revised\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u8005\uff5c<\/strong>\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u53f2\u8a9e\u6240 \u738b\u9053\u9084\u52a9\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u54e1<br \/>\n<strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u90ed\u51a0\u5ef7<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u539f\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u95b1\u8b80\u969c\u7919\uff1f<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6211\u5011\u807d\u4e0d\u61c2\uff0c\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7e3d\u662f\u9727\u88e1\uff08\u7269\u7406\uff09\u770b\u82b1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u738b\u9053\u9084\u8001\u5e2b\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u66f4\u6b63\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u723e\u6587\u81be\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u300b\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u300c\u6587\u5b57\u969c\u300d\uff0c\u9023\u66f8\u540d\u4e5f\u641e\u4e0d\u61c2\uff01<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7269\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e09\u4e0d\u56db\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u4e5f\u8981\u540a\u66f8\u888b\uff01<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u300b\uff08<em>On the origin of species<\/em>\uff09\u5728\u8ac7\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5f88\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\uff1f\u5c0d\u65bc18\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\u6b50\u6d32\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c31\u597d\u4f3c\u6210\u8a9e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u770b\u66f8\u540d\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b97\u65e8\u3002\u8aaa\u7a7f\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u7269\u7a2e\u554f\u984c(species problem)<sup><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/sup>\u300d\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8aaa\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\uff08natural history\uff09\u300d\u3002\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u9023\u300c\u53f2\uff08history\uff09\u300d\u9019\u500b\u570b\u4e2d\u55ae\u5b57\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300chistory\u300d\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u4e2d\u662f\u300cinquiry\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u300c\u53f2\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8490\u96c6\u6d77\u5916\u751f\u7269\u3001 \u5730\u8cea\u6a19\u672c\u3001\u8abf\u67e5\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5206\u4f48\u3001\u641c\u96c6\u5730\u8cea\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u6839\u672c\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u7269\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31\u300c\u7269\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u9760\u5c01\u9762\u4f5c\u5f0a\uff1f\u91cd\u9ede\u90fd\u5beb\u5728\u66f8\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u4e0a\uff01<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e00\u5e74\u5927\u8003\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u5fc5\u8003\u7684\u300c\u5929\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\uff08natural selection\uff09\u300d\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u8003\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u53c8\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9054\u723e\u6587\u8981\u5beb\u4e00\u500b\u53c8\u6e4a\u53c8\u9577\u7684\u526f\u6a19\u984c\u5728\u66f8\u540d\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff1f\u5929\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58\uff08 survival of the fittest\uff09\u300d \u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u6717\u6717\u4e0a\u53e3\u7684\u300c\u5929\u64c7\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u4ee3\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u65b0\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7576\u7136\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u5f59\u4e0b\u8a3b\u89e3\uff1a\u300c\u751f\u5b58\u7af6\u722d\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u9752\u775e\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff08\u9069\u8005\uff09\u624d\u80fd\u50b3\u7a2e\u3002\u300d\uff08 the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9054\u723e\u6587\u8aaa\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\uff08 natural selection\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u8a5e\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u4eba\u8aa4\u6703\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u806f\u60f3\u8207\u4eba\u5de5\u9078\u64c7\u76f8\u5c0d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5728\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u5929\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u57281864\u5e74\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u65af\u8cd3\u8cfd\u7684\u63d0\u8b70\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u8f03\u5f37\u70c8\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u300c\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58(survival of the fittest)\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u51fa\u570b\u8981\u7c3d\u8b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8096\u5b50\u5b6b\u6f14\u5316\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u8981VISA\u5566\uff01<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u5728\u751f\u5b58\u7af6\u722d\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u9752\u775e\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u624d\u80fd\u50b3\u7a2e\u3002\u7be9\u9078\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9069\u61c9\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Darwinism\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8207Master\uff0c\u53ea\u6709VISA\u3002\u751f\u7269\u900f\u904e\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\u7684\u300c\u7a81\u8b8a\uff08<strong>V<\/strong>ariation\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8840\u7de3\uff08<strong>I<\/strong>nheritance\uff09\u3001\u975e\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u300c\u9078\u64c7\uff08<strong>S<\/strong>election\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9069\u61c9\uff08<strong>A<\/strong>daptation\uff09\u300d\u7b49\u56db\u500bVISA\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u9054\u723e\u6587\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u6f14\u5316\u5beb\u6210\u300cevolutionism \u300d\u800c\u662f\u300ctransmutation\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u934a\u91d1\u8853\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c \u628a\u4e00\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c6c\u8b8a\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u300ctransmutation\u300d\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u66f4\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e0b\u8a3b\u89e3\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u300cdescent with modification\u300d\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u8a3b\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u300cdescent\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u8840\u7de3\u3001\u907a\u50b3\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77e5\u540d\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u8005\u82d7\u5fb3\u6b72\u5148\u751f\u5c07\u9019\u6bb5\u89e3\u91cb<sup><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/sup>\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u300c\u517c\u8b8a\u50b3\u884d\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u9078\u64c7\u300d\u3002\u8868\u793a\u6f14\u5316\u4e26\u975e\u4e82\u69cd\u6253\u9ce5\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4f86\u8209\u4f8b\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u80b2\u7a2e\u300d\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u5de5\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u610f\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u8981\u554f\u6211\u4eba\u985e\u4f55\u53bb\u4f55\u5f9e\uff1f\u8acb\u8a8d\u771f\u7684\u6d3b\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\uff01<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u8b80\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u96e3\u514d\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9a5a\u6050\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u4f55\u53bb\u4f55\u5f9e\uff1f1898\u5e74\u8ddd\u4eca\u90fd\u5df2\u8d85\u904e100\u5e74\uff0c\u807d\u773e\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u767c\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u672a\u4f86\u6703\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u5462\uff1f\u300d\u9053\u9084\u8001\u5e2b\u7121\u5948\u5730\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\uff0c100\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u985e\u56db\u842c\u5e74\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u591a\u5c11\u842c\u5e74\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b8a\u5316\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u8b80\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6c88\u6d78\u5728\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u6216\u9059\u60f3\u672a\u4f86\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u523b\u3002\u6d8c\u6cc9\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u59a8\u5230\u601d\u4eae\u9928\u7684\u5927\u5ef3\uff0c\u5c07\u767c\u8a00\u6b0a\u4ea4\u7d66\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u95dc\u5fc3\u4eba\u985e\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5148\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u559d\u676f\u4e0b\u5348\u8336\uff0c\u7528\u9ede\u9ede\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f86\u804a\u4e00\u804a\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u73fe\u5834\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u7576\u4e0b\u5427\uff01\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5922\u60f3\u56e0\u70baCASE\u5f97\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u5553\u767c\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><sup><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/sup><sup>[1]<\/sup><em>The origin species\u3000<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/On_the_Origin_of_Species\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/On_the_Origin_of_Species<br \/>\n<\/a><sup>[2]<\/sup>\u82d7\u5fb3\u6b72\u8b6f\uff1a\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff0c\u8b6f\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c \u5357\u4eac\uff0c 2013\u5e7410\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u300b\uff0c\u81be\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u81ea<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":28758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6704,1750,3293,6512,6443,1026],"tags":[1523,1464,1274,1473],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/images-2.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19742"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19742"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42326,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19742\/revisions\/42326"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}