{"id":193,"date":"2009-10-02T16:00:53","date_gmt":"2009-10-02T08:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=193"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:21:34","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:21:34","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e6%96%b0%e8%a6%96%e7%95%8c%e3%80%91%e7%96%ab%e7%97%85%e8%88%87%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e8%a1%9d%e7%aa%81%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%b7%e5%8f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=193","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u65b0\u8996\u754c\u3011\u75ab\u75c5\u8207\u793e\u6703\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6b77\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u5c0b\u627e\u50b3\u67d3\u7684\u4ee3\u7f6a\u7f94\u7f8a<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u674e\u5c1a\u4ec1<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_201\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-201\" style=\"width: 497px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-201\" style=\"margin: 20px 10px;\" title=\"\u300a\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u7d00\u4e8b\u300b\uff08Die Schedelsche Weltchronik\uff09\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/2.jpg\" alt=\"\u300a\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u7d00\u4e8b\u300b\uff08Die Schedelsche Weltchronik\uff09\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u56e0\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u800c\u88ab\u6bba\u5bb3\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\" width=\"497\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/2.jpg 1992w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/2-800x609.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-201\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u300a\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u7d00\u4e8b\u300b\uff08Die Schedelsche Weltchronik\uff09\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u56e0\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u800c\u88ab\u6bba\u5bb3\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u5e36\u4f86\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u8207\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u81f4\u6b7b\u7387\u9ad8\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u75ab\u75c5\u6216\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u6578\u9ad8\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u75be\u75c5\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6703\u885d\u64ca\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u793e\u6703\u904b\u4f5c\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u75ab\u75c5\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u8207\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u898f\u5f8b\u6216\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7de3\u7531\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u96a8\u6a5f\u3001\u6df7\u4e82\u8207\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u7fa4\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u50b3\u67d3\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u50b3\u67d3\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u767c\u4eba\u969b\u7dca\u5f35\u548c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u8207\u4eba\u969b\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u9632\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u6253\u4e82\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u5e38\u898f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u7279\u5b9a\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\u3001\u751f\u8a08\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u75ab\u75c5\u7684\u767c\u751f\u4ee5\u53ca\u9632\u75ab\u6c7a\u7b56\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u7cfe\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u5728\u65b0\u8208\u800c\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u6d41\u884c\u6642\u66f4\u662f\u660e\u986f\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5c0b\u627e\u9810\u9632\u8207\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u793e\u6703\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u9632\u75ab\u3001\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u8b77\u548c\u6e1b\u5c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u640d\u5931\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u8003\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u53d6\u5f97\u9069\u5207\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u662f\u75ab\u75c5\u6d41\u884c\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6230\u3002<!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">?<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u7684\u761f\u75ab\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u885d\u64ca\u6700\u5927\u3001\u5f15\u8d77\u6700\u5927\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u6700\u591a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u75ab\u75c5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u761f\u75ab\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u7403\u6578\u5ea6\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u7f79\u75c5\u751a\u81f3\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u9707\u64bc\u8207\u6050\u61fc\u66f4\u9020\u6210\u793e\u6703\u7684\u52d5\u76ea\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4e5f\u7559\u4e0b\u8a31\u591a\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u984c\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6587\u64ec\u4ee5\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u9762\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u8972\u64ca\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u75be\u75c5<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u91cd\u5927\u75ab\u75c5\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u8cbf\u6613\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u761f\u75ab\u7531\u4e2d\u4e9e\u7d93\u7531\u4e2d\u6771\u50b3\u5230\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b50\u6d32\u6d77\u5916\u8cbf\u6613\u6700\u8208\u76db\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u3002\u761f\u75ab\u900f\u904e\u8239\u96bb\u9996\u5148\u65bc<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">1347<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5e74\u767b\u9678\u897f\u897f\u91cc\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u3001\u71b1\u5167\u4e9e\u7b49\u6e2f\u57e0\u57ce\u90a6\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u906d\u6b83\uff1b\u6b21\u5e74\u75ab\u75c5\u53c8\u900f\u904e\u8cbf\u6613\u8239\u904b\u8def\u7dda\u50b3\u64ad\u5230\u6cd5\u570b\u99ac\u8cfd\u6e2f\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\u5c31\u6a6b\u6383\u4e2d\u6b50\u548c\u897f\u6b50\uff0c\u4e26\u8de8\u8d8a\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5cfd\u5230\u9054\u82f1\u570b\uff1b\u53c8\u65bc<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">1349<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5e74\u50b3\u5230\u6771\u6b50\u4e26\u8de8\u6d77\u5230\u5317\u6b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u95dc\u65bc\u761f\u75ab\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u76ee\u524d\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u9ea5\u5c3c\u723e<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">(William H. McNeill) <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5728\u300a\u761f\u75ab\u8207\u4eba\u300b\uff08<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/search.books.com.tw\/exep\/prod_search.php?cat=F01&amp;key=Plagues%20And%20Peoples\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; color: #444444; font-size: x-small;\"><em>Plagues And Peoples<\/em><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4e2d\u570b\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">1330<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u8207<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">1340<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5e74\u4ee3\u5927\u6279\u6b7b\u65bc\u75ab\u75c5\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u9f20\u75ab\u4f86\u81ea\u96f2\u5357\u7684\u7d00\u9304\uff0c\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6a6b\u6383\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u761f\u75ab\u6e90\u81ea\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u66fe\u7d93\u5f81\u8a0e\u96f2\u5357\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u570b\u5927\u8ecd\u50b3\u64ad\u5230\u6b50\u6d32\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u761f\u75ab\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u548c\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u63a8\u8ad6\u5176\u5be6\u761f\u75ab\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u70ad\u75bd\u71b1\u50b3\u67d3\u6216\u662f\u985e\u4f3c\u4f9d\u6ce2\u62c9\u75c5\u6bd2\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u65b0\u7a2e\u75c5\u6bd2\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u4e5f\u8a31\uff0c\u761f\u75ab\u662f\u7531\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u8207\u7d30\u83cc\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u6b50\u6d32\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u5728\u9f20\u75ab\u4f86\u81e8\u7684\u524d\u5915\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u9054\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u6642\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u6210\u9577\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u8d85\u904e\u7576\u6642\u53ef\u8015\u5730\u8207\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u71df\u990a\u4e0d\u826f\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u6e1b\u5f31\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u8208\u8d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u5546\u696d\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f86\u5f80\uff0c\u70ba\u75be\u75c5\u50b3\u64ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9069\u5408\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u91cd\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u96e3\u62b5\u79a6\u75ab\u75c5\u7684\u4f86\u8972\u3002\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u5728\u9019\u5834\u761f\u75ab\u6b7b\u53bb\u4e86\u7d04\u5169\u5343\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u7576\u6642\u6b50\u6d32\u7e3d\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">?<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u5c0b\u627e\u4ee3\u7f6a\u7f94\u7f8a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">?<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u800c\u761f\u75ab\u66f4\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u6b50\u6d32\u793e\u6703\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u81ea\u6b64\u8d70\u5411\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u9707\u64bc\u66f4\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u8a00\u55bb\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u628a\u75ab\u75c5\u7684\u767c\u751f\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u758f\u5931\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u8654\u8aa0\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u8877\u5fc3\u61fa\u6094\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8d16\u7f6a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u904a\u884c\u4e2d\u97ad\u6253\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u7948\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u539f\u8ad2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u5c07\u761f\u75ab\u7684\u767c\u751f\u602a\u7f6a\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u761f\u75ab\u51fa\u73fe\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u50b3\u8a00\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u4e95\u5167\u4e0b\u6bd2\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u88ab\u8cac\u602a\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u904a\u6c11\u548c\u4e5e\u4e10\uff0c\u4f46\u63a5\u8457\u77db\u982d\u5c31\u6307\u5411\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7570\u6559\u7684\u7336\u592a\u4eba\uff1b\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u3001\u5fb7\u570b\u3001\u745e\u58eb\u8207\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u90fd\u51fa\u73fe\u591a\u8d77\u653b\u64ca\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u906d\u6bba\u6b7b\u6216\u9001\u4e0a\u706b\u5211\u53f0\uff0c\u8ca1\u7522\u5247\u88ab\u6c92\u6536\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u66b4\u884c\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u6c11\u773e\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6559\u5b97\u4e5f\u516c\u958b\u8b74\u8cac\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e26\u516c\u958b\u5ba3\u793a\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u662f\u88ab\u51a4\u6789\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u653b\u64ca\u884c\u70ba\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u524d\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5c31\u5728\u5e7e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u63a7\u75f2\u760b\u75c5\u60a3\u5728\u6c34\u4e95\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6bd2\uff0c\u8981\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u67d3\u4e0a\u75f2\u760b\u75c5\u3002\u4e0b\u6bd2\u7684\u75f2\u760b\u75c5\u60a3\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6307\u4f7f\uff0c\u800c\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u5247\u53c8\u662f\u88ab\u5317\u975e\u8207\u683c\u62c9\u90a3\u9054\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u541b\u4e3b\u6240\u6536\u8cb7\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u63a7\u8207\u8b20\u8a00\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u6cd5\u570b\u5b98\u54e1\u8207\u8cb4\u65cf\u6240\u634f\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u85c9\u6a5f\u6c92\u6536\u75f2\u760b\u75c5\u9662\u7684\u7522\u696d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f37\u596a\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8aa3\u544a\u8207\u8b20\u8a00\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a31\u591a\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u75f2\u760b\u75c5\u60a3\u906d\u5230\u6bba\u5bb3\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u9a45\u9010\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8b20\u8a00\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u6703\u5728\u761f\u75ab\u671f\u9593\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ee4\u4eba\u610f\u5916\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">?<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5f9e\u6b50\u6d32\u761f\u75ab\u671f\u9593\u793e\u6703\u5f31\u52e2\u8005\u8207\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u906d\u5230\u6158\u70c8\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u8207\u6575\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u75ab\u75c5\u6fc0\u5316\u70ba\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0e\u81f4\u793e\u6703\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6230\u722d\u66f4\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u8b02\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e0b\u6bd2\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u3002\u8655\u5728\u75ab\u75c5\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u611f\u548c\u61f7\u7591\u6c23\u6c1b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u591a\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u5c0b\u627e\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7f6a\u7f94\u7f8a\u3002\u5728\u8feb\u5bb3\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u9664\u4e86\u900f\u904e\u5ba3\u6d29\u61a4\u6012\u4f86\u6d88\u9664\u6050\u61fc\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u5225\u6709\u7528\u5fc3\u7684\u8caa\u5a6a\u5206\u5b50\u66f4\u85c9\u6a5f\u8b00\u53d6\u66b4\u5229\u3002\u9019\u6bb5\u6158\u75db\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u63d0\u9192\u4e86\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5728\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u4f86\u8972\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6642\u6642\u8003\u616e\u5230\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8abf\u89e3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u8207\u6575\u610f\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u5f31\u52e2\u8207\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8207\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u65e2\u662f\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b67\u8996<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u5f8c\u761f\u75ab\u4ecd\u5b9a\u671f\u9020\u8a2a\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5176\u767c\u751f\u983b\u7387\u6216\u75ab\u60c5\u90fd\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u300c\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u300d\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u9010\u6f38\u6d88\u9000\u6642\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u53c8\u767c\u751f\u4e00\u6ce2\u9f20\u75ab\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u75ab\u60c5\u5f9e<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">1896<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u5728\u516b\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u9019\u6ce2\u50b3\u67d3\u7531\u4e2d\u570b\u96f2\u5357\u7d93\u7531\u5ee3\u6771\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u8513\u5ef6\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">1900<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5e74\u62b5\u9054\u7f8e\u570b\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u3002\u8a72\u5e02\u64c1\u6709\u5927\u6279\u83ef\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u7206\u767c\u5f8c\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u5c24\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u3002\u7576\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u885b\u751f\u5c40\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u57ce\u57f7\u884c\u9694\u96e2\u6aa2\u75ab\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u90e8\u4efd\u5831\u7d19\u6975\u529b\u5426\u8a8d\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5c0d\u6aa2\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\u4e26\u5927\u529b\u62a8\u64ca\u885b\u751f\u5c40\u7684\u8209\u63aa\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u5dde\u9577\u51f1\u57fa\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">Henry Cage<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\uff09\u66f4\u5ba3\u7a31\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u88fd\u9020\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8003\u616e\u8d77\u8a34\u4efb\u4f55\u6563\u5e03\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u722d\u8b70\u5c0e\u81f4\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u65bc<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">1901<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u8d8a\u904e\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u57ce\u9032\u884c\u5f37\u5236\u6aa2\u75ab\u8207\u6d88\u6bd2\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u7576<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">1924<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5e74\u9f20\u75ab\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5340\u6642\uff0c\u6d1b\u57ce\u7684\u5831\u7d19\u4e5f\u5426\u8a8d\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5ba3\u7a31\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u60e1\u6027\u80ba\u708e\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">?<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u5546\u5bb6\u8207\u52a0\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e26\u4e0d\u8b93\u4eba\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5927\u591a\u6578\u793e\u5340\u90fd\u5c0d\u627f\u8a8d\u75ab\u60c5\u6709\u6240\u9072\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u75ab\u75c5\u6703\u5c0d\u793e\u5340\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5546\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u69cb\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u963b\u7919\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u83ef\u4eba\u5c0d\u9694\u96e2\u6aa2\u75ab\u7684\u6297\u62d2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u5546\u696d\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u83ef\u4eba\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5099\u53d7\u8f15\u8ce4\uff0c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u516c\u885b\u7576\u5c40\u9577\u671f\u5c0d\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u5c45\u6c11\u5be6\u65bd\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u83ef\u4eba\u5c0d\u5176\u56b4\u82db\u7684\u9632\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u6df1\u611f\u7591\u61fc\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u75ab\u75c5\u767c\u751f\u5f8c\uff0c\u516c\u885b\u5c08\u5bb6\u4f9d\u64da\u7d30\u83cc\u5b78\u6aa2\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u65b7\u5b9a\u767c\u75c5\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\u7f79\u60a3\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u9f20\u75ab\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91ab\u5e2b\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a3a\u65b7\u537b\u5f80\u5f80\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u6709\u6240\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7576\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u7d30\u83cc\u5b78\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u91ab\u5e2b\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5834\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5728\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u4ecd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u5dde\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u627e\u5230\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u5e2b\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u91ab\u5b78\u6839\u64da\u300d\uff0c\u4f86\u53cd\u5c0d\u516c\u885b\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u83ef\u4eba\u9084\u8a8d\u70ba\u516c\u885b\u7576\u5c40\u4e0d\u4ee5\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u3001\u800c\u4ee5\u6574\u500b\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u4f5c\u70ba\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u660e\u986f\u51fa\u81ea\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91ab\u5b78\u6839\u64da\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u754c\u8a8d\u70ba\u83ef\u4eba\u7279\u5225\u5bb9\u6613\u611f\u67d3\u8207\u50b3\u64ad\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a2e\u65cf\u7bc4\u7587\u6210\u70ba\u5283\u5b9a\u6aa2\u75ab\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u800c\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u885b\u751f\u7576\u5c40\u5728\u898f\u756b\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u7bc4\u570d\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u523b\u610f\u907f\u958b\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u4f4f\u5bb6\u8207\u5546\u5e97\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u7a2e\u7a2e\u90fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u83ef\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8207\u6297\u62d2\u3002\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u5982\u679c\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u5920\u516c\u958b\u8207\u516c\u6b63\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u5c07\u906d\u9047\u5230\u62b5\u5236\u8207\u96e3\u89e3\u7684\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u800c\u96e3\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u9810\u671f\u7684\u9632\u75ab\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_210\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-210\" style=\"width: 435px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-210\" style=\"margin: 10px;\" title=\"\u6046\u6cb3\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/4.jpg\" alt=\"\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8996\u6046\u6cb3\u70ba\u8056\u6cb3\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u6b64\u4e2d\u6c90\u6d74\u5373\u80fd\u6d17\u6e05\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8209\u51e1\u6d17\u6fa1\u3001\u6d17\u8863\u3001\u6392\u6d29\u7686\u53ef\u5728\u6cb3\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u970d\u4e82\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u539f\u56e0\u5373\u70ba\u8aa4\u98f2\u906d\u75c5\u4eba\u7cde\u4fbf\u6c61\u67d3\u904e\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u970d\u4e82\u7206\u767c\u6642\uff0c\u6046\u6cb3\u5373\u6210\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u96c6\u6563\u5730\u3002\uff08\u651d\u5f71\uff0fJon Rawlinson  \uff09 \" width=\"435\" height=\"290\" \/><\/strong><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-210\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8996\u6046\u6cb3\u70ba\u8056\u6cb3\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u6b64\u4e2d\u6c90\u6d74\u5373\u80fd\u6d17\u6e05\u7f6a\u5b7d\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8209\u51e1\u6d17\u6fa1\u3001\u6d17\u8863\u3001\u6392\u6d29\u7686\u53ef\u5728\u6cb3\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u970d\u4e82\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u539f\u56e0\u5373\u70ba\u8aa4\u98f2\u906d\u75c5\u4eba\u7cde\u4fbf\u6c61\u67d3\u904e\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u970d\u4e82\u7206\u767c\u6642\uff0c\u6046\u6cb3\u5373\u6210\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u96c6\u6563\u5730\u3002\uff08\u651d\u5f71\uff0fJon Rawlinson \uff09 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u9f20\u75ab\u9632\u6cbb\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5b78<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u5118\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u63a1\u53d6\u6703\u548c\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u7fd2\u4fd7\u6216\u5229\u76ca\u767c\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6b96\u6c11\u7576\u5c40\u64d4\u5fc3\u5e72\u9810\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7fd2\u4fd7\uff0c\u6703\u6fc0\u767c\u53cd\u6297\u8207\u53db\u8b8a\u3002\u518d\u5247\uff0c\u91cd\u5546\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u4f86\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u822a\u904b\u8207\u5546\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u6aa2\u75ab\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u91ab\u5e2b\u767c\u73fe\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u5230\u6046\u6cb3\u671d\u8056\u4e26\u98f2\u7528\u6cb3\u6c34\uff08\u8056\u6c34\uff09\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7fd2\u4fd7\uff0c\u662f\u970d\u4e82\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u6b64\u5927\u52a0\u64bb\u4f10\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u65e9\u5df2\u77e5\u9053\u671d\u8056\u8207\u970d\u4e82\u6563\u64ad\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u537b\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u7981\u6b62\u6216\u7ba1\u5236\u6b64\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u671d\u8056\u5ba2\u9032\u884c\u5f37\u5236\u6aa2\u75ab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u9f20\u75ab\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">1896<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u5e74\u7531\u9999\u6e2f\u50b3\u5165\u5370\u5ea6\u6642\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u63a1\u53d6\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\u786c\u7684\u9632\u6cbb\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u9019\u8207\u6b96\u6c11\u7576\u5c40\u904e\u53bb\u4e0d\u9858\u904e\u5ea6\u5e72\u6d89\u5370\u5ea6\u7fd2\u4fd7\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u5f62\u6210\u5f37\u70c8\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u570b\u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u65bd\u52a0\u5f37\u5927\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u82f1\u570b\u5fc5\u9808\u63a1\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9632\u6cbb\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u8981\u7981\u904b\u82f1\u570b\u8ca8\u7269\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5370\u5ea6\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u7d93\u4ea4\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u55aa\u5931\u6b0a\u529b\u800c\u4e0d\u6eff\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u6a5f\u6703\u653b\u64ca\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7121\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u5be6\u65bd\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6b0a\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u9632\u6cbb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u596a\u56de\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u6b96\u6c11\u7576\u5c40\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u65bd\u884c\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u6aa2\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5c0d\u671d\u8056\u5ba2\u8207\u706b\u8eca\u4e58\u5ba2\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u8eab\u9ad4\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u5f37\u8feb\u7591\u4f3c\u75c5\u60a3\u5165\u9662\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u6b7b\u8005\u5c4d\u9ad4\u4e5f\u5f97\u5728\u52d8\u9a57\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u4e0b\u846c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52d5\u7528\u8ecd\u968a\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5728\u5b5f\u8cb7\u9084\u71d2\u6bc0\u6578\u767e\u6236\u7591\u4f3c\u611f\u67d3\u6e90\u7684\u8ca7\u6c11\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8001\u9f20\u5728\u9f20\u75ab\u50b3\u67d3\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u9632\u6cbb\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5247\u8996\u6b64\u70ba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u7be4\u4fe1\u7a2e\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">caste<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\uff09\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5c0d\u5f37\u5236\u8eab\u9ad4\u6aa2\u67e5\u975e\u5e38\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u6f54\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u63a5\u89f8\u3002\u9ad8\u7d1a\u7a2e\u59d3\u7684\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u91ab\u9662\u4e2d\u8207\u8ce4\u6c11\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u611f\u5230\u6975\u70ba\u4e0d\u6eff\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u5f92\u8207\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u88ab\u5f37\u8feb\u9001\u9032\u91ab\u9662\uff0c\u8996\u6b64\u70ba\u5c0d\u5a66\u5973\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u4fae\u8fb1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u91ab\u751f\u9a57\u5c4d\u5247\u5e38\u803d\u8aa4\u5b97\u6559\u7fd2\u4fd7\u6240\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u5b89\u846c\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u82f1\u570b\u6b96\u6c11\u7576\u5c40\u9ad8\u58d3\u5f37\u786c\u7684\u9632\u75ab\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u9003\u907f\u6aa2\u67e5\u3001\u5077\u5077\u5b89\u846c\u6b7b\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u5404\u7a2e\u6d88\u6975\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u5c24\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u57ce\u5e02\u9084\u6709\u4eba\u6563\u767c\u5a01\u8105\u53db\u8b8a\u7684\u533f\u540d\u50b3\u55ae\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u591a\u8d77\u805a\u773e\u6297\u8b70\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u767c\u751f\u66b4\u52d5\u8207\u653b\u64ca\u3001\u71d2\u6bc0\u91ab\u9662\u3002\u885d\u7a81\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5982\u666e\u6069\u5e02\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">Pune<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\uff09\uff0c\u8a72\u5e02\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u9632\u6cbb\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4e3b\u5e2d\u90ce\u5fb7\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">W. C. Rand<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\uff09\u56e0\u800c\u906d\u5230\u6697\u6bba\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6297\u722d\u7d42\u65bc\u8feb\u4f7f\u6b96\u6c11\u7576\u5c40\u653e\u9b06\u8207\u4fee\u8a02\u9632\u75ab\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u722d\u8b70\u7a81\u986f\u4e86\u88ab\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u9632\u75ab\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u98a8\u66b4\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5c0d\u6b96\u6c11\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u6297\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u91ab\u5b78\u662f\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u75ab\u75c5\u5f80\u5f80\u5c0e\u81f4\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0d\u5b89\u548c\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u52d5\u76ea\u3002\u5982\u679c\u793e\u6703\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u58d3\u8feb\u8207\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9593\u7684\u6575\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u5371\u7591\u72c0\u614b\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u5f15\u7206\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u6216\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9632\u75ab\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u59a5\u5584\u898f\u756b\u8207\u6709\u6548\u57f7\u884c\u9632\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u82e5\u80fd\u5be9\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u5ba3\u5c0e\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5584\u7528\u6148\u5584\u5718\u9ad4\u8207\u5e02\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u5927\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u6cbb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8981\u9054\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u95dc\u65bc\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u8207\u91ab\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u8207\u75be\u75c5\u9810\u9632\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5177\u5099\u5b89\u64ab\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u85dd\u8853\u4ee5\u53ca\u5354\u8abf\u610f\u898b\u8207\u5229\u76ca\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u8155\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6c7a\u65b7\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u7d30\u80de\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">cellular pathology<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\uff09\u5275\u5efa\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u4e5f\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u91ab\u5b78\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u91ab\u5b78\u5bb6\u7dad\u856d\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">Rudolf Virchow<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\uff09\u66fe\u6709\u300c\u91ab\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u91ab\u7642\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u70ba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7126\u9ede\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7dad\u856d\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u767c\u751f\u8207\u50b3\u64ad\u904e\u7a0b\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u904e\u6642\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u61c9\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8ce6\u4e88\u5b83\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u25a0\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee\u8207\u9032\u968e\u95b1\u8b80<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">David Arnold, <em>Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India<\/em> (University of California Press, 1993).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">Carol Ginzburg, <em>Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches\u2019 Sabbath<\/em> (Pantheon Books, 1991).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">Mark Harrison, <em>Disease and the Modern World: 1500 to the Present Day<\/em> (Polity, 2004).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;\">Nayan Shah, <em>Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco\u2019s Chinatown<\/em> <em><\/em>(University of California Press, 2001).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; color: #0000ff; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u674e\u5c1a\u4ec1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\u82f1\u570b\u502b\u6566\u5927\u5b78\u5e1d\u570b\u5b78\u9662\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u79d1\u6280\u53f2\u8207\u91ab\u5b78\u53f2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u73fe\u70ba\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6b77\u53f2\u8a9e\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5c08\u9577\u70ba\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u964d\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u91ab\u5b78\u53f2\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u6280\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<pre><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\">\r\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.roodo.com\/renlai\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-245\" title=\"Renlai_logo\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/Renlai_logo.gif\" alt=\"Renlai_logo\" width=\"41\" height=\"16\" \/><\/a> ?\u25a0\u8f49\u8f09\u81ea<a title=\"\u4eba\u7c5f\u8ad6\u8fa8\u6708\u520a\" href=\"http:\/\/www.erenlai.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u3010\u4eba\u7c5f\u3011\u96dc\u8a8c<\/a>\u7b2c63\u671f\u2027\u3008<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.roodo.com\/renlai\/archives\/9859811.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u6050\u61fc\u6d41\u6620<\/a>\u3009\u5c08\u984c\r\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5c0b\u627e\u50b3\u67d3\u7684\u4ee3\u7f6a\u7f94\u7f8a \u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u674e\u5c1a\u4ec1 \u50b3\u67d3\u75c5<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,22],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=193"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18434,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions\/18434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}