{"id":18767,"date":"2014-08-14T03:20:39","date_gmt":"2014-08-13T19:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=18767"},"modified":"2017-07-25T11:42:07","modified_gmt":"2017-07-25T03:42:07","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%e3%80%91%e5%82%ac%e7%94%9f%e6%96%b0%e7%89%a9%e7%a8%ae%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%e7%9a%84%e5%be%ae%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e9%ab%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=18767","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u3011\u50ac\u751f\u65b0\u7269\u7a2e\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9ad4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u25a0\u626e\u6f14\u79d1\u5b78\u602a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u624b\u50ac\u751f\u65b0\u7269\u7a2e\u662f\u4f55\u611f\u89ba\uff1f\u5c0d\u8303\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u585e\u65af\uff0e\u4f2f\u767b\u65af\u5766 (Seth Bordenstein) \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e8b\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u9019\u9ebc\u9a5a\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 2013 \u5e74 7 \u6708\u8ddf\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\uff0e\u5e03\u9b6f\u514b (Robert Brucker) \u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u7684\u9ec3\u8702\u4ea4\u914d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u751f\u4e0b\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6df7\u8840\u7269\u7a2e\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18768\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18768\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18768\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Three-wings-spoke_span.jpg\" alt=\"Three-wings-spoke_span\" width=\"400\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Three-wings-spoke_span.jpg 660w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Three-wings-spoke_span-300x264.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Three-wings-spoke_span-600x529.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18768\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff5cRobert Brucker (Bordenstein lab)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u7de8\u8b6f\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e0a\u540c\u5c6c\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u82e5\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u914d\uff0c\u5176\u6df7\u8840\u5f8c\u4ee3\u5f80\u5f80\u7121\u6cd5\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4f2f\u767b\u65af\u5766\u8ddf\u5e03\u9b6f\u514b\u904b\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff0c\u5c07\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u7684\u91d1\u5c0f\u8702 (Nasonia) \u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u6d88\u6ec5\u6b86\u76e1\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u7260\u5011\u4ea4\u914d\u7522\u4e0b\u7684\u6df7\u8840\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7adf\u7136\u6d3b\u5f97\u597d\u597d\u7684\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u85c9\u7531\u6d88\u6ec5\u91d1\u5c0f\u8702\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9ad4 (microbiome) \uff0c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6df7\u8840\u9ec3\u8702\u3002\u9019\u9805\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u65bc\u6f14\u5316\u5b78\u6709\u8457\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u8868\u793a\u9664\u4e86\u773e\u6240\u9031\u77e5\u7684\u300c\u7269\u7af6\u5929\u64c7\u300d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5171\u751f\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6703\u4f7f\u539f\u5148\u5c6c\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u9010\u6f38\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u65b0\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5bc4\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u70ba\u4e86\u6709\u500b\u5b89\u8eab\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u70ba\u7260\u5011\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u63d0\u4f9b<!--more-->\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u5bbf\u4e3b\u514d\u53d7\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u6240\u5bb3\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u6d88\u5316\u98df\u7269\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u9020\u6210\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u679c\u8805\u5167\u81df\u88e1\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u7d93\u5e38\u9020\u6210\u679c\u8805\u4ea4\u914d\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff1b\u4fd7\u7a31\u571f\u72fc\u7684\u6591\u9b23\u72d7\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u8ca0\u8cac\u5408\u6210\u7260\u5011\u7528\u4f86\u5f7c\u6b64\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u6240\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u5176\u65cf\u7fa4\u5167\u9020\u6210\u6b67\u7570\uff0c\u70ba\u65b0\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u65e9\u5728 1966 \u5e74\uff0c\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u7433\u6069\uff0e\u746a\u53e4\u9e97\u7d72 (Lynn Margulis) \u5c31\u6307\u51fa\u690d\u7269\u7684\u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4\u8ddf\u8449\u7da0\u7d20\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5171\u751f\u7d30\u83cc\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7d93\u904e\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u624d\u52c9\u5f37\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9019\u5957\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9084\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u500b\u5076\u767c\u7684\u5de7\u5408\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4f2f\u767b\u65af\u5766\u5728 2001 \u5e74\u6642\u5c31\u767c\u73fe\uff0c Nasonia giraulti \u8ddf Nasonia longicornis \u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u6f14\u5316\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u91d1\u5c0f\u8702\uff0c\u662f\u5f9e 40 \u842c\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5148\u7956\u5206\u5316\u800c\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u4f60\u8981\u53bb\u770b\u91d1\u5c0f\u8702\u7684 DNA \u6709\u4f55\u907a\u50b3\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c0f\u8702\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u5766\u537b\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7260\u5011\u9ad4\u5167\u5e36\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u5171\u751f\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7e41\u884d\u51fa\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u624d\u5c0e\u81f4\u5169\u8005\u6f38\u884c\u6f38\u9060\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5404\u81ea\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u662f\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u5766\u8a66\u8457\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c0f\u8702\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u4f7f\u7260\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u7522\u4e0b\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6df7\u8840\u5f8c\u4ee3\u3002\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u5171\u751f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u7260\u5011\u7684\u6df7\u8840\u5f8c\u4ee3\u9ad4\u5167\u82e5\u51fa\u73fe\u300c\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u53cd\u61c9\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u5bb3\u6b7b\u5bbf\u4e3b\u3002\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u5766\u5c07\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5f9e\u91d1\u5c0f\u8702\u9ad4\u5167\u6d88\u6ec5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7260\u5011\u8de8\u7a2e\u4ea4\u914d\u751f\u4e0b\u7684\u5f8c\u4ee3\u5c31\u80fd\u6d3b\u8e66\u4e82\u8df3\u4e86\u3002\u300c\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u5171\u751f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4f7f\u7269\u7a2e\u7522\u751f\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u300d\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u5766\u8aaa\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u958b\u59cb\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e0a\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u7576\u53ea\u4ee5\u55ae\u4e00\u751f\u7269\u70ba\u6e96\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u53ca\u5176\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u70ba\u5224\u5b9a\u6a19\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5462\uff1f\u52d5\u7269\u7372\u53d6\u5171\u751f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u98f2\u98df\u5167\u5bb9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4f54\u6700\u5927\u5b97\u3002\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u9edb\u5b89\uff0e\u675c\u5fb7 (Diane Dodd) \u5728 1989 \u5e74\u66fe\u7d93\u505a\u904e\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u7d66\u5169\u7d44\u84bc\u8805\u5206\u5225\u98df\u7528\u6fb1\u7c89\u8ddf\u9ea5\u82bd\u7cd6\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u904e\u4e86 25 \u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5169\u7d44\u84bc\u8805\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u914d\uff0c\u5f62\u540c\u5404\u884c\u5176\u8def\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\u3002\u7576\u6642\u675c\u5fb7\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\u81fa\u62c9\u7dad\u592b\u5927\u5b78\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5409\u723e\uff0e\u590f\u9686 (Gil Sharon) \u91cd\u505a\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u624d\u9a57\u8b49\u51fa\u84bc\u8805\u98f2\u98df\u5167\u5bb9\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5171\u751f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ea4\u914d\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a\u5c0d\u84bc\u8805\u65bd\u6253\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4ea4\u914d\u5dee\u7570\u5c31\u6703\u6d88\u5931\uff1b\u518d\u9935\u4ee5\u5bcc\u542b\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ea4\u914d\u5dee\u7570\u5c31\u5168\u90e8\u8dd1\u4e86\u56de\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a31\u591a\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u9805\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5176\u7591\u616e\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6307\u51fa\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u660e\u5171\u751f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u9020\u6210\u7269\u7a2e\u6f14\u5316\u6b67\u7570\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u6b67\u7570\u64f4\u5927\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u8b8a\u7570\u8207\u5171\u751f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8ab0\u5728\u5f71\u97ff\u8ab0\uff0c\u4e5f\u9084\u4e0d\u80fd\u78ba\u5b9a\uff1b\u55ae\u7528\u91d1\u5c0f\u8702\u9019\u7a2e\u6606\u87f2\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u63a8\u8ad6\u5230\u6574\u500b\u52d5\u7269\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8a00\u4e4b\u904e\u65e9\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u96d6\u7136\u300c\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u300d\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u500b\u4e00\u8a00\u4ee5\u853d\u4e4b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u7c21\u660e\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u8981\u4e86\u900f\u6f14\u5316\u9019\u500b\u6975\u8907\u96dc\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u9762\uff0c\u591a\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u63a8\u6572\u7422\u78e8\u7e3d\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>--<br \/>\n\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u8655\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2014\/06\/microbe-symbiosis-evolution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Microbes May Drive Evolution of New Animal Species<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=17617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3010\u5065\u5eb7\u751f\u6d3b\u3011\u70ba\u4f55\u5403\u9ed1\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u6709\u76ca\u5065\u5eb7\uff1f\u611f\u8b1d\u4f60\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5427<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=15414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3010\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b78\u3011\u5177\u6709\u6c23\u5473\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u571f\u72fc\u9032\u884c\u6e9d\u901a<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=5113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3010\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3011\u300c\u87d1\u8166\u300d\u88fd\u85e5 \u85e5\u5230\u83cc\u9664<\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong> \u8b6f\u8005\uff1a\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2 \u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u7d04\u5beb\u624b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\u7de8\u8b6f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong> \u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aKerina Huang<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u626e\u6f14\u79d1\u5b78\u602a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u624b\u50ac\u751f\u65b0\u7269\u7a2e\u662f\u4f55\u611f\u89ba\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":18768,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,26,1026],"tags":[129,297,57],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Three-wings-spoke_span.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18767"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18767"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28803,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18767\/revisions\/28803"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}