{"id":17948,"date":"2014-06-06T05:46:53","date_gmt":"2014-06-05T21:46:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=17948"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:19:28","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:19:28","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%a4%a7%e4%ba%ba%e7%89%a9%e3%80%91%e6%b3%95%e6%8b%89%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%8d%e7%82%ba%e4%ba%ba%e7%9f%a5%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e9%9d%a2%ef%bc%88%e4%ba%94%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=17948","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u3011\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e0d\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff08\u4e94\uff09\uff1a\u5169\u500b\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"f1\"<\/a>
\u57161\uff1a\u5feb\u898140\u6b72\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u3002\u8ddd\u96e2\u5275\u8fa6\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u548c\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u61c9\u8a72\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u5e74\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff5c<\/strong>\u7af9\u5185\u656c\u4eba\uff08\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u795e\u5948\u5ddd\u5927\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff09
\n<\/span>\u7de8\u8b6f\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ec3\u90c1\u73ca\uff08\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u7406\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n<\/strong>\u5f9e1820\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u52301830 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5728\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6f14\u8b1b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u660e\u986f\u5730\u6108\u8da8\u6c89\u91cd\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9677\u5165\u7d93\u6fdf\u5371\u6a5f\u30021818\u5e74\u96d6\u7136\u8ddf\u5927\u91d1\u4e3b\u5bcc\u52d2\u501f\u4e861000\u82f1\u938a\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ea6\u904e\u96e3\u95dc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u55ae\u9760\u6703\u54e1\u7e73\u7d0d\u7684\u6703\u8cbb\uff0c\u8981\u7dad\u6301\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u3002\u57281825\u5e74\u5347\u4efb\u70ba\u5be6\u9a57\u6240\u9577\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\uff0c\u628a\u89e3\u6551\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u898f\u756b\u4e86\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6536\u5165\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5169\u500b\u7cfb\u5217\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6642\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5df2\u7d93\u8209\u8fa6\u5e03\u862d\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u8207\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u4e9b\u6f14\u8b1b\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u6388\u8ab2\uff0c\u6027\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u4ea4\u540d\u4eba\u6703\u4f86\u53c3\u52a0\u7684\u96c6\u6703\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u9996\u5148\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\u662f\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u6234\u7dad\u505a\u904e\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u6703\u535a\u53d6\u4eba\u6c23\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u9019\u500b\u69cb\u60f3\u8087\u59cb\u65bc1825\u5e74\u7684\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703(\u8a3b1)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703(\u8a3b2)\u4e5f\u5f9e1825\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u8209\u8fa6\u3002\u5728\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b78\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7406\u79d1\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u9060\u898b\u5f88\u4ee4\u4eba\u4f69\u670d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u8b1b\u6642\u7a0b\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e0d\u4f46\u4fc3\u9032\u65b0\u6703\u54e1\u7684\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u9084\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e86\u65e2\u6709\u6703\u54e1\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7d66\u4e88\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u652f\u63f4\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6703\u54e1\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u6703\u8cbb\u4e0d\u4f46\u89e3\u6551\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee4\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u548c\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u90fd\u66f4\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u6703\u77da\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5347\u4efb\u5be6\u9a57\u6240\u6240\u9577\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u53ec\u958b\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u508d\u665a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u96c6\u6703\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6703\u54e1\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u53c3\u52a0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u670b\u53cb\u524d\u5f80\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u53ea\u662f\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f9b\u61c9\u5c0f\u9ede\u5fc3\uff0c\u6c23\u6c1b\u8f15\u9b06\u7684\u96c6\u6703\uff0c\u537b\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u96c6\u6703\u5099\u53d7\u597d\u8a55\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n

\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u9031\u4e94\u665a\u4e0a\u4e5d\u9ede\uff0c\u5728\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5927\u8b1b\u5802\u8209\u884c\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u3002\u53d7\u9080\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u4e26\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u6709\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u540d\u4eba\u3002\u5f9e\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3001\u9080\u8acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8a18\u9304\u4e0a\u8017\u8cbb\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aba\u898b\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6f14\u8b1b\u4f01\u5283\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u529b\u6c23\u3002\u76f4\u81f31840\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u6f14\u8b1b\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u4e00\u4eba\u4e3b\u5c0e\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\u670d\u4e86\u85c9\u7531\u79d1\u5b78\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u540c\u4ec1\u5230\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u4f86\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u5c07\u81ea1832\u5e74\u81f31862\u5e7430\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u9080\u8acb\u904e\u7684\u5916\u4f86\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u96dc\u8a8c\u8b80\u8005\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u6574\u7406\u65bc\u88681\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8b1b\u8005\u5360\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n

\"p1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u7684\u9663\u5bb9\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6234\u7dad\u548c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u90fd\u5c0d\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u6301\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9080\u8acb\u4e86\u6709\u773e\u591a\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u9053\u8033\u541e\u3002\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u64c1\u8b77\u8005\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece(\u8a3b3)\u6240\u6301\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u8207\u5c71\u5fb7\u9580\u6559\u6d3e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u689d\u76f8\u5de6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u662f\u5f88\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u807d\u773e\u524d\u4f86\u7684\u8b1b\u8005\u3002\u53c8\u57281855-1858\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u62c9\u4e5f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u5730\u5e38\u5e38\u64d4\u4efb\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u548c\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u6709\u591a\u53d7\u597d\u8a55\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u66fe\u7d93\u8aaa\u670d\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u2024\u8473\u5a01\u723e\u6559\u6388(William \u00a0Whewell) (\u8a3b5)\u4f86\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u800c\u8473\u5a01\u723e\u53ef\u662f\u51fa\u4e86\u540d\u7684\u5f9e\u4e0d\u5728\u528d\u6a4b\u4e4b\u5916\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80fd\u88ab\u9080\u8acb\u70ba\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u7684\u8b1b\u8005\u5728\u7576\u6642\u6210\u70ba\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u53f0\u4e0b\u7684\u807d\u773e\u4e0d\u4e4f\u8cb4\u65cf\u548c\u540d\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8b1b\u5e2b\u90fd\u5f88\u7dca\u5f35\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u66fe\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u81bd\u5c0f\u7684\u60e0\u65af\u6566(Wheatston) (\u8a3b6)\u5728\u901a\u5f80\u8b1b\u53f0\u7684\u9580\u524d\u81bd\u602f\u5730\u9003\u8d70\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u53ea\u597d\u4e0a\u53f0\u5373\u8208\u6f14\u8b1b\u4ee3\u6253\u7684\u8efc\u805e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u6642\u5e38\u64d4\u4efb\u8b1b\u8005\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u56e0\u75c5\u4f11\u990a\u800c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u76841840 \u5e74\uff0c\u53ca\u81f31862\u5e74\u9000\u4f11\u70ba\u6b62\u4ed6\u4e00\u5e74\u7e3d\u6709\u5e7e\u6b21\u767b\u53f0\uff0c\u591a\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e00\u5e745\u6b21\u767b\u4e0a\u8b1b\u53f0\uff0c\u5171\u5360\u4e861862\u5e74\u70ba\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5730\u4e0b\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u9810\u5099\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u57281839\u5e74\u505a\u4e86\u521d\u671f\u651d\u5f71\u8853(\u8a3b7)\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u767c\u660e\u7898\u5316\u9280\u5e95\u7247\u651d\u5f71\u8853\u7684\u6cf0\u723e\u4f2f\u7279(Talbot) (\u8a3b8)\u56e0\u70ba\u5e38\u5230\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u548c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u719f\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u9084\u6703\u5728\u5716\u66f8\u5ba4\u5c55\u793a\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6703\u548c\u7576\u665a\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e3b\u984c\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u502b\u6566\u807d\u773e\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u6709\u8208\u5efa\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u62c9\u4f5b(Raffles) (\u8a3b9)\u5f9e\u4e9e\u6d32\u62ff\u56de\u4f86\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u54c1\u3001\u6709\u674e\u6069\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7(Lee-Enfield)\u578b\u6b65\u69cd\u3001\u690d\u7269\u6a19\u672c\uff0c\u5f9e\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5230\u8a69\u96c6\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u7bc4\u570d\u751a\u5ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\"f2\"<\/a>
\u57162<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1846 \u5e74\u66fe\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u56e0\u70ba\u807d\u773e\u8d85\u904e1000\u4eba\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65b0\u805e\u8a18\u8005\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5165\u5834\u800c\u4e0d\u6eff\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u5730\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703
\n<\/strong>\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u81ea1825\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u65bc\u8209\u8fa6\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u7684\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8209\u884c\u4e86\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u90fd\u6709\u8457\u85c9\u7531\u589e\u52a0\u807d\u773e\u53ca\u6703\u54e1\u2014\u7e3d\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u6703\u8cbb\u6536\u5165\u4f86\u6539\u5584\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u96d6\u7136\u70ba\u6210\u4eba\u8209\u8fa6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u671f\u6709\u540d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u807d\u773e\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u8209\u884c\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u5c07\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u53f2\u7121\u524d\u4f8b\u4e4b\u8209\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u61c9\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u6c7a\u5fc3\u53bb\u505a\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5728\u5b78\u5f92\u6642\u4ee3\u807d\u904e\u5854\u5716(Tatum)\u7684\u8ab2\uff0c\u53d7\u904e\u746a\u897f\u592b\u4eba\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u9ece\u5821(Riebau)\u5e2b\u5085\u5bb6\u7684\u5eda\u623f\u505a\u904e\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u89aa\u8eab\u8046\u807d\u904e\u6234\u7dad\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e14\u53d7\u5230\u83ab\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u8166\u6d77\u88e1\u66fe\u6709\u904e\u300c\u82e5\u662f\u80fd\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u591a\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u300d\u7684\u5ff5\u982d\u3002<\/p>\n

1825-1826\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u7684\u8b1b\u8005\u662f\u7576\u6642\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u529b\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u7c73\u723e\u9748\u541e(Millington) (\u8a3b10)\uff0c\u8b1b\u984c\u662f\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u300d(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u300d) \uff0c1826-1827\u5e74\u5247\u7531\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u74e6\u7406\u58eb(Wallis)\u64d4\u4efb\u8b1b\u8005\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u57281827-1828\u5e74\u7684\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u5047\u671f\u9593\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u64d4\u4efb\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u7684\u8b1b\u8005\uff0c\u6f14\u8b1b\u6642\u7a0b\u5217\u65bc\u88682\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u7a2e\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u8eab\u70ba\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9023\u5143\u65e6\u90fd\u6709\u8ab2\u7a0b\u59d4\u5be6\u4ee4\u4eba\u6709\u9ede\u9a5a\u8a1d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"p2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u57162\u6240\u793a\u70ba\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u57281855-1856\u5e74\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u6b64\u5716\u51fa\u81ea\u5e03\u840a\u514b\u96f7(Blaikley) (\u8a3b11)\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7e6a\u756b\u4e2d\u683c\u5916\u51fa\u540d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66fe\u7d93\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u768420\u82f1\u938a\u7d19\u5e63(\u8a3b12)\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u3002\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\u9019\u5f35\u5716\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u770b\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7ad9\u8457\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5f8c\u9762\u662f\u5b89\u5fb7\u751f(Anderson)\uff0c\u5728\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u5750\u8457\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5bb6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b1b\u53f0\u524d\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u6392\u5750\u8457\u7684\u662f\u738b\u592b\u4e9e\u4f2f\u7279(Albert) (\u8a3b13)\u3002\u4e9e\u4f2f\u7279\u56e0\u70ba\u66fe\u5728\u7956\u570b\u5fb7\u570b\u53d7\u904e\u6b63\u898f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u5c0a\u656c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u3002\u4e5f\u66fe\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u7687\u5ba4\u6210\u54e1\u5b78\u7fd2\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u85c9\u5404\u7a2e\u6a5f\u6703\u53ec\u559a\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5165\u5bae\u3002\u4e9e\u4f2f\u7279\u65c1\u908a\u5750\u8457\u7687\u592a\u5b50\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef\u4e03\u4e16\u7684\u5a01\u723e\u65af\u738b\u5b50(Prince of Wales)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5217\u5e2d\uff0c\u5149\u770b\u51fa\u5e2d\u8005\u7684\u9663\u5bb9\uff0c\u7c21\u76f4\u7121\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u662f\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u7684\u5834\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5f35\u5716\u6240\u7e6a\u7684\u662f 1855-1856\u5e74\u300e\u5e38\u898b\u91d1\u5c6c\u7279\u6027\u300f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u5e55\u30021856-1857\u5e74\u7684\u8b1b\u984c\u662f\u300e\u5f15\u529b\u300f\uff0c\u5716\u8aaa\u5beb\u8457:\u300c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u8b1b\u4e86\u78c1\u9435\u548c\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u5834\u666f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6253\u5f9e\u5fc3\u5e95\u7b11\u4e86\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u88dd\u6eff\u7164\u78b3\u7684\u6876\u5b50\u3001\u706b\u9257\u3001\u7164\u70ad\u593e\u5c0d\u8457\u5f37\u529b\u78c1\u9435\u4e1f\u904e\u53bb\u3002\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u5168\u90fd\u88ab\u78c1\u9435\u5438\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u5834\u9677\u5165\u7206\u7b11\u2026\u300d\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u7164\u70ad\u662f\u88ab\u9ecf\u5728\u6876\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5de7\u5999\u8868\u6f14\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u88683\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u81ea\u5df1\u57281827-1860\u5e74\u9593\u66fe\u7d66\u904e19\u6b21\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u3002\"p3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\u66fe\u5728\u67d0\u6b21\u6a5f\u6703\u807d\u5230\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u800c\u5927\u611f\u6b3d\u4f69\u3002(\u8a3b14)\u4ed6\u52f8\u4e86\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5169\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5c07\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9\u51fa\u7248\u6210\u66f8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5728\u7576\u4e0b\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u82e5\u5370\u6210\u66f8\uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u50b3\u9054\u96a8\u5be6\u9a57\u6f14\u9032\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u300d\u7684\u7406\u7531\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u9084\u662f\u88ab\u5370\u6210\u66f8\u3002\u300e\u881f\u71ed\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u300f\u70ba\u984c\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u57281848-1849\u5e74\u53ca1860-1861\u5e74\u5171\u8209\u884c\u5169\u6b21\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u65e2\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u7ad9\u4e0a\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u666e\u53ca\u65bc\u4e16\u7684\u90a3\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u89aa\u7b46\u6240\u5beb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u7576\u6642\u540d\u70ba\u5316\u5b78\u65b0\u805e(Chemical News<\/em>)\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u96dc\u8a8c\u7de8\u8f2f\u514b\u9b6f\u514b\u65af\u5fb5\u5f97\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u540c\u610f\u5f8c(\u8a3b15)\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u901f\u8a18\u54e1\u505a\u7d00\u9304\uff0c\u7531\u514b\u9b6f\u514b\u65af\u6574\u7406\u5f8c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5716\uff0c\u5148\u520a\u8f09\u65bc\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u518d\u767c\u884c\u6210\u518a\u3002<\/p>\n

1860\u5e74\u70ba\u6b62\u7684\u8b1b\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5e03\u862d\u5fb7\u8b1b\u4e867\u6b21\uff0c\u4e39\u5c3c\u8033\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u5247\u70ba\u5316\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7684\u8b1b\u8005\uff0c\u8b1b\u8005\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5167\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u548c\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u76f8\u7570\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u5728\u65bc\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u504f\u91cd\u5316\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5f9e\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6709\u5be6\u9a57\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u8033\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u3002<\/p>\n

\"f3\"<\/a>
\u57163\uff1a1840\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u5169\u500b\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u7684\u6210\u679c
\n<\/strong>1825\u5e74\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u85c9\u8457\u4efb\u547d\u70ba\u5be6\u9a57\u6240\u6240\u9577\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u5275\u59cb\u4e86\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u6700\u9583\u4eae\u7684\u4e00\u584a\u62db\u724c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5c07\u672c\u8eab\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u679c\u516c\u8af8\u65bc\u4e16\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u57281830\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7e3d\u7b97\u5f9e\u8ca1\u653f\u5371\u6a5f\u4e2d\u89e3\u812b\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u555f\u52d5\u5c07\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u6b63\u9762\u98fe\u4ee5\u96c4\u5049\u7684\u6b4c\u5fb7\u5f0f\u5713\u67f1\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5efa\u7269\u5916\u89c0\u4ee4\u9019\u68df\u9580\u724c\u70ba21\u865f\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u6adb\u6bd4\u9c57\u6b21\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u548c\u4f4f\u5b85\u7684\u963f\u4f2f\u99ac\u52d2\u8857(Albemarle street)\u4e0a\u986f\u5f97\u9db4\u7acb\u96de\u7fa4\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u5728\u5ba3\u793a\u60df\u6709\u9019\u68df\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u6bbf\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n

\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u521d\u671f\u5c31\u88ab\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u5831\u7b49\u7b49\u5831\u7ae0\u7684\u661f\u671f\u516d\u7248\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u5831\u5c0e\u3002\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u88ab\u5831\u7d19\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5831\u5c0e\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5831\u5c0e\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u53d7\u904e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u5011\u89aa\u8fd1\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c0d\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u597d\u8a55\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ea\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\uff0c\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u50b3\u5230\u793e\u6703\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8b93\u4e16\u4eba\u90fd\u300c\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u300d\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u79d1\u5b78\u5c0d\u90a3\u8b33\u6b4c\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u793e\u6703\u958b\u7684\u4e00\u6247\u7a97\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6f14\u8b1b\u96a8\u8457\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u958b\u7684\u4e00\u6247\u7a97\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2605\u4e0b\u56de\u9810\u544a\u300c\u96fb\u78c1\u8f49\u52d5\u8207\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9<\/a>\u300d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u89e3\uff1a<\/strong>
\n*1 Friday Evening Discourses: \u6b63\u5f0f\u4e00\u4e9b\u61c9\u88ab\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u9031\u4e94\u665a\u9593\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7c21\u55ae\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u300d\u3002
\n*2\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u70ba The Royal Institution Christmas Lectures\u3002
\n*3 Thomas Henry Huxley (1825 - 1895): \u82f1\u570b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u8457\u540d\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6Aldous Huxley\u7684\u7956\u7236\u3002
\n*4\u6458\u9304\u81eaL. M. Thomas\uff0c\u201dMichael Faraday,\u201d Institute of Physics Publishing, London (1991)\u3002
\n*5 William Whewell (1794 - 1866): \u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u56e0\u767c\u660e\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6 (scientist) \u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u800c\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u3002
\n*6 Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802 - 1875): \u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u6210\u5c31\u6709\u96fb\u4fe1\u6280\u8853\u7684\u958b\u767c\u53ca\u60e0\u65af\u767b\u96fb\u6a4b\u7684\u767c\u660e\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\n*7 \u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5c0d\u651d\u5f71\u8853\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u7576\u6642\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u62cd\u651d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\n*8 William Henry Fox Talbot (1800 - 1877): \u82f1\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u767c\u660e\u521d\u671f\u651d\u5f71\u8853\u201d\u7898\u5316\u9280\u8ca0\u7247\u651d\u5f71\u8853 \u201c(Calotype) \u3002
\n*9 Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781 - 1826): \u82f1\u570b\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5efa\u8a2d\u8005\u3002\u66fe\u5275\u5efa\u4e86\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3002
\n*10 John Millington (1779 - 1868): \u82f1\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u3002\u66fe\u77ed\u66ab\u7576\u904e\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3002
\n*11 Alexander Blaikley (1816 - 1903): \u82f1\u570b\u756b\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u9060\u89aa\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fSandemanian\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002
\n*12\u82f1\u570b\u7d19\u5e63\u7cfb\u5217D\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002\u65bc1991-2001\u5e74\u9593\u901a\u884c\u3002
\n*13 Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Saxe-Coburg Gotha (1819 - 1861)\u3002\u738b\u592bprince consort\u3002\u5728\u5176\u7956\u570b\u5fb7\u570b\u53d7\u904e\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5c0a\u656c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u3002
\n*14 Charles John Huffam Dickens (1812 - 1870): \u82f1\u570b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u3002\u6709\u300e\u5c0f\u6c23\u8ca1\u795e\u300f\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002
\n*15 Sir William Crookes (1832 - 1919): \u82f1\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u767c\u73fe\u9248\uff0c\u9084\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u514b\u9b6f\u514b\u65af\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

--
\n\u539f\u6587\u51fa\u8655\uff1a\u9023\u8f09\u65bc\u300e\u5316\u5b66\u300f\uff0c68\uff085\uff09\uff0c22\uff082013\uff09\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u540c\u4eba\u793e\uff09
\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u7af9\u5167\u30fb\u656c\u4eba Takeuchi Yoshito\uff0c\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u795e\u5948\u5ddd\u5927\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\u3002 1962\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u5927\u5b78\u9662\u7406\u5b78\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1a\u9673\u7af9\u4ead\uff0c\u81fa\u5927\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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