{"id":17466,"date":"2014-04-21T00:51:18","date_gmt":"2014-04-20T16:51:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=17466"},"modified":"2017-07-27T10:02:54","modified_gmt":"2017-07-27T02:02:54","slug":"%e8%96%9b%e4%b8%81%e6%a0%bc%e7%9a%84%e8%b2%93schrodingers-cat%e6%80%8e%e9%ba%bc%e4%ba%86%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=17466","title":{"rendered":"\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93(Schrodinger's Cat)\u600e\u9ebc\u4e86\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5927\u5e2b\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8a6d\u8ad6\uff0c\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u9ede\u51fa\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u5be6\u5fb5\u77db\u76fe\u6027\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a2d\u8a08\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u91cf\u5b50\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u767c\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u601d\u7dad\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8b58\u901a\u8a0a\u8a55\u8ad6\u7b2c70\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Schrodinger_Cat2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u9019\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5fae\u5c0f\u7c92\u5b50\u770b\u4f3c\u5947\u7570\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u81f3\u5c11\u6bd4\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u5b50\u4f86\u5f97\u5927\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e16\u754c\uff1f\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff1b\u8a72\u5be6\u9a57\u986f\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6b62\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9006\u8f49\u5f9e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u50b3\u7d71\u7269\u7406\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u91cd\u5927\u9032\u5c55\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f8c\u76fe\u3002\uff08\u898b\u300a\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u518d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u4e03\u5e74\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u300c\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u8a6e\u91cb\u300d\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e00\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u9ad4\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5e72\u64fe\u4e86\u5176\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u9020\u6210\u5176\u7acb\u5373\u5f9e\u91cf\u5b50\u672c\u8cea\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u50b3\u7d71\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u53ca\u6b21\u539f\u5b50\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u6e2c\u4e4b\u524d\u4e26\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u4e92\u65a5\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u300c\u758a\u52a0\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u300c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u300d\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\u5728\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u50cf\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u96bb\u8c93\u88ab\u9396\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7bb1\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u4e00\u6bd2\u6c23\u74f6\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u91cf\u5b50\u7c92\u5b50\u8655\u65bc\u67d0\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u6bd2\u6c23\u74f6\u6703\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u8a72\u7c92\u5b50\u8655\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5247\u6bd2\u6c23\u74f6\u5b8c\u597d\u7121\u640d\u3002\u5c07\u7bb1\u5b50\u5c01\u9589\uff0c\u6b64\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6bd2\u6c23\u65e2\u662f\u5df2\u5f9e\u74f6\u4e2d\u653e\u51fa\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u5c01\u5b58\u5728\u74f6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7bb1\u4e2d\u7684\u8c93\u540c\u6642\u65e2\u662f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b7b\u3002\u7576\u7bb1\u5b50\u6253\u958b\u6642\uff0c\u6b64\u91cf\u5b50\u758a\u52a0\u72c0\u614b\u74e6\u89e3\uff1b\u5728\u90a3\u77ac\u9593\u9019\u96bb\u8c93\u662f\u88ab\u6bd2\u6b7b\uff0c\u6216\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Schrodinger_Cat\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u8056\u5854\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9\u6821\u5340\u7684\u51f1\u8332(Nadav Katz)\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u7531\u74e6\u89e3\u908a\u7de3\u62c9\u56de\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u300c\u53cd\u74e6\u89e3\u300d\u4e26\u56de\u5230\u672a\u88ab\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u9019\u7b49\u65bc\u662f\u5148\u5077\u7784\u4e86\u7bb1\u5b50\u4e2d\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5c07\u5176\u5f9e\u9b3c\u9580\u95dc\u524d\u6551\u56de\u3002\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u51f1\u8332\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff1ahttp:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/0806.3547\uff09<\/p>\n

\u745e\u58eb\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e03\u63d0\u514b(Markus B\u00fcttiker)\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u719f\u7fd2\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u8a6e\u91cb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u74e6\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u9a5a\u4e16\u99ed\u4fd7\u300d\u7684\uff1b\u300c\u7576\u6253\u958b\u7bb1\u5b50\u6642\uff0c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u4e0d\u662f\u6b7b\u5c31\u662f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6298\u8877\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u300c\u53bb\u540c\u8abf\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u74e6\u89e3\u4e26\u975e\u5728\u4e00\u77ac\u9593\u5167\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u7de9\u6162\u7684\u8207\u5468\u906d\u74b0\u5883\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u6cb3\u6ff1\u6821\u5340\u7684\u79d1\u8afe\u67ef\u592b(Alexander Korotkov)\u548c\u7d10\u7d04\u7f85\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u55ac\u4e39(Andrew Jordan)\u63d0\u51fa\u7406\u8ad6\u5047\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u4f86\u4e2d\u6b62\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u5be6\u9a57\u9a57\u8b49\u6b64\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u85cd\u5716\uff0c\u800c\u51f1\u8332\u3001\u79d1\u8afe\u67ef\u592b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5c07\u5176\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\"erwin_Schrodinger1\"<\/p>\n

\u6b7b\u800c\u5fa9\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u9ad8\u6216\u4f4e\u5169\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u51f1\u8332\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4f7f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5169\u500b\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u758a\u52a0\u614b\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u8c93\u7684\u540c\u6642\u300c\u65e2\u751f\u53c8\u6b7b\u300d\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u91cf\u6e2c\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u662f\u53bb\u6253\u958b\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u76d2\u5b50\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u4f7f\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u74e6\u89e3\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\u503c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u51f1\u8332\u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a23\u7ac5\u5c31\u662f\u5077\u5077\u53d6\u5f97\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u9593\u63a5\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u5b8c\u5168\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u51f1\u8332\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u300c\u76f8\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u300d\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u7d55\u7de3\u63a5\u9ede\u4e2d\u65b7\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u96fb\u8def\uff09\uff0c\u4f86\u53d6\u4ee3\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u3002\u9019\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u662f\u8ff4\u8def\u4e0a\u96fb\u6d41\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u96fb\u6d41\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u7531\u5176\u6d41\u7d93\u63a5\u9ede\u6642\uff0c\u76f8\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u91cf\u6e2c\u5f97\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a72\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5229\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7a7f\u96a7\u300d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u7d1a\u7684\u5c0f\u7c92\u5b50\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u80fd\u91cf\u969c\u58c1\uff0c\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u6b64\u7a2e\u6548\u61c9\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u3002
\n\u5728\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u51f1\u8332\u5718\u968a\u6539\u8b8a\u6d41\u7d93\u96fb\u8def\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee5\u8abf\u63a7\u963b\u7919\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u6539\u8b8a\u76f8\u4f4d\u7684\u300c\u80fd\u969c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u300d\u3002\u8a72\u80fd\u969c\u8db3\u4ee5\u9632\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u6539\u8b8a\u76f8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u6b64\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u662f\u5426\u6539\u8b8a\u76f8\u4f4d\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u78c1\u80fd\u6d29\u6f0f\u4e86\u5929\u6a5f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u80fd\u91cf\u614b\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51f1\u8332\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u6210\u529f\u7a7f\u96a7\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u597d\u73a9\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u610f\u8b02\u8a72\u91cf\u5b50\u74e6\u89e3\u70ba\u9ad8\u80fd\u614b\uff0c\u9084\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7a7f\u96a7\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u51f1\u8332\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u90a3\u5c31\u73a9\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u9019\u7b49\u65bc\u5b8c\u5168\u6253\u958b\u76d2\u5b50\u3001\u770b\u5230\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u8c93\uff0c\u9084\u628a\u7260\u653e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6642\u7a7a\u65c5\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n

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