{"id":17254,"date":"2014-04-08T06:54:29","date_gmt":"2014-04-07T22:54:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=17254"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:19:33","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:19:33","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%a4%a7%e4%ba%ba%e7%89%a9%e3%80%91%e6%b3%95%e6%8b%89%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%8d%e7%82%ba%e4%ba%ba%e7%9f%a5%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e9%9d%a2%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e7%9a%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=17254","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u3011\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e0d\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff08\u4e09\uff09\uff1a\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8207\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u6234\u7dad\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u540d\u8072\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u8cde\u8b58\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7d42\u65bc\u80fd\u8e0f\u51fa\u505a\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u548c\u6069\u5e2b\u6234\u7dad\u4e4b\u9593\u6642\u6709\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u9010\u6f38\u5c55\u9732\u982d\u89d2\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"f1\"<\/a>
\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5916\u89c0 (1838\u5e74\uff0cThomas Shepherd\u7e6a)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff5c<\/strong>\u7af9\u5185\u656c\u4eba\uff08\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u795e\u5948\u5ddd\u5927\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff09
\n\u7de8\u8b6f\uff5c<\/strong>\u9ec3\u90c1\u73ca\uff08\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u7406\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\uff09<\/b><\/p>\n

\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5275\u8a2d
\n<\/b>\u56e0\u70ba\u51a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u300c\u7687\u5bb6\u300d\u5169\u5b57\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662(\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u7a31\u70ba\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662)(\u8a3b1)\u5b57\u9762\u770b\u4f86\u662f\u500b\u570b\u7acb\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u8868\u793a\u738b\u5ba4\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u627f\u8a8d\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u5275\u7acb\u548c\u5b58\u7e8c\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u7d14\u79c1\u4eba\u6a5f\u69cb\u8d77\u5bb6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u505a\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c1660\u5e74\u5275\u7acb(\u5176\u8d77\u6e90\u66f4\u65e9)\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662(\u8a3b2)\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5b78\u6703\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u73fe\u5b58\u9019\u985e\u5b78\u6703\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u9662\u58eb(FRS)(\u8a3b3)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u572818\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u502b\u6566\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684 FRS \u662f\u6d77\u8ecd\u90e8\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5730\u4e3b\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f96\u798f\u7279\u4f2f\u7235\u53ca\u73ed\u5091\u660e\uff0e\u6e6f\u59c6\u751f(Benjamin Thompson)(\u8a3b4)\u7b49\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u7372\u5f97\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577\u90a6\u514b\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u57281799\u5e74\u4ee5\u300c\u50b3\u64ad (\u79d1\u5b78) \u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u6709\u7528\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u767c\u660e\u548c\u6539\u9032\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u7531\u54f2\u5b78\u7684(\u8a3b5)\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\u6559\u5c0e\u4eba\u5011\u5c07\u79d1\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u300d\u70ba\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u5275\u7acb\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

\"f2\"
\u4f96\u798f\u7279\u4f2f\u7235\uff08\u82f1\u570b\u8457\u540d\u756b\u5bb6Gainsborough \u6240\u7e6a\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5728\u502b\u6566\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8cb7\u4e86\u8c6a\u83ef\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u6e96\u5099\u4e86\u8b1b\u5802\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u958b\u59cb\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u7d93\u8cbb\u7aef\u8cf4\u6703\u54e1\u7e73\u7d0d\u7684\u6703\u8cbb\u7dad\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u7d50\u69cb\u554f\u984c\u9577\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u56f0\u64fe\u8457\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u57281818\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5c31\u66fe\u7d93\u5411\u91d1\u4e3b\u5bcc\u52d2(\u8a3b6)\u501f\u6b3e1000\u82f1\u938a\uff0c\u5bcc\u52d2\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c07\u6b64\u7b46\u501f\u6b3e\u6350\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4f9d\u5faa\u521d\u671f\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u958b\u59cb\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u516c\u958b\u6f14\u8b1b\u9817\u53d7\u597d\u8a55\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u807d\u773e\u805a\u96c6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u8fe6\u5948\u7279(Garnett)(\u8a3b7)\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u70ba\u59bb\u5b50\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u8ca0\u8377\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u91cd\u4efb\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u70ba\u548c\u4f96\u798f\u7279\u4f2f\u7235\u4e0d\u548c\uff0c\u57281801\u5e74\u8fad\u8077\u3002 \u7e7c\u4efb\u7684\u6559\u6388\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u91ab\u5e2b\u517c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u694a\u683c(Young)(\u8a3b8)\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u548c\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u694a\u683c\u5be7\u53ef\u5c07\u7cbe\u529b\u653e\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u91ab\u7642\u696d\u52d9\u4e0a\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u8271\u6f80\u96e3\u61c2\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u597d\u8a55\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e5f\u57281803\u5e74\u8fad\u8077\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u7e7c\u4efb\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u6234\u7dad(\u8a3b9)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6234\u7dad\u548c\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662
\n<\/b>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8072\u8b7d\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u6234\u7dad\u3002 \u97d3\u798f\u745e\uff0e\u6234\u7dad(Humphrey Davy)\u662f\u6728\u96d5\u5e2b\u5085\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279(Robert)\u548c\u845b\u9e97\u7d72(Glace)(\u8a3b10)\u7684\u9577\u5b50\uff0c1778\u5e7412 \u670817\u65e5\u751f\u65bc\u7a7a\u6c83\u90e1(Cornwall)\u7684\u6f58\u85cf\u65af(Penzance)\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u8eab\u5bb6\u5ead\u7a31\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u986f\u73fe\u8070\u7a4e\u51fa\u773e\u7684\u624d\u667a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u6bcd\u89aa\u990a\u7236\u7684\u95dc\u7167\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n

1794\u5e74\u8d77\u6234\u7dad\u7576\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u5f92\u5f1f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u5728\u85e5\u5c40\u5b78\u7fd2\u5316\u5b78\u548c\u85e5\u5b78\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a66\u505a\u4e86\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u5371\u96aa\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u4ed6\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u5beb\u8a69\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u53cb\u4eba\u67ef\u7acb\u829d(\u8a3b11)\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u7576\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7576\u8a69\u4eba\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5427\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6234\u7dad\u7684\u5e78\u904b\u59cb\u65bc\u7d50\u8b58\u5728\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u59a5(Bristol)\u7d93\u71df\u6c23\u9ad4\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5317\u8c46\u65af(Beddoes)(\u8a3b12)\u30021798\u5e7410\u67082\u65e5\u6234\u7dad\u88ab\u5317\u8c46\u65af\u627e\u53bb\u7576\u6c23\u9ad4\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u4eba\u5de5\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u505a\u70ba\u91ab\u7642\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u505a\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u6c23\u9ad4\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u7576\u6642\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u540d\u4eba\u6703\u5b9a\u671f\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5438\u4ed6\u5011\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u4e8c\u6c2e(\u6c27\u5316\u4e9e\u6c2e\uff0c\u7b11\u6c23N2<\/sub>O) \uff0c\u9023\u74e6\u7279(\u8a3b13)\u548c\u67ef\u7acb\u829d\u4e5f\u66fe\u662f\u5ea7\u4e0a\u8cd3\u30021799\u5e74\u6234\u7dad\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4ecb\u7d39\u65b0\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c1801\u5e74\u4ed6\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u70ba\u525b\u6210\u7acb\u6c92\u591a\u4e45\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6f14\u8b1b\u52a9\u624b\u517c\u5be6\u9a57\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6234\u7dad\u9664\u4e86\u7576\u8fe6\u5948\u7279(Garnett)\u6559\u6388\u7684\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u4e5f\u57281801\u5e744\u670825\u65e5\u505a\u4e86\u548c\u96fb\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u516c\u958b\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8868\u6f14\u5de7\u5999\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u8a69\u4eba\u7684\u6c23\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f15\u8d77\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8f5f\u52d5\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5973\u6027\u807d\u773e\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u57281803\u5e74\uff0c\u5e74\u50c523\u6b72\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6234\u7dad\u5728\u5c31\u4efb\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u8077\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d04\u5b9a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u96fb\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c \u4ed6\u6301\u7e8c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f0f\u6253\u96fb\u6c60\u505a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u81ea1807\u5e74\u8d77\u81f3 1808\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u6240\u8b02\u7194\u9e7d\u96fb\u89e3\u7684\u65b0\u5be6\u9a57\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u85c9\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u9240\u7b49\u516d\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u50c5\u6709\u6234\u7dad\u4e00\u4eba\u66fe\u767c\u73fe\u516d\u7a2e\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u505a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6234\u7dad\u7e3d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u5fc3\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\u96fb\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u8fb2\u696d\u76f8\u95dc\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u30021812\u5e74\u6234\u7dad\u8207\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u9322\u7684\u5be1\u5a66(\u8a3b14)\u7d50\u5a5a\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6de1\u8584\u30021812\u5e74\u4ed6\u8fad\u53bb\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c1813\u5e74\u8207\u52a9\u624b\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5c55\u958b\u6b50\u6d32\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u8a2a\u554f\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u548c\u6b50\u6d32\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u6df1\u5165\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u767c\u73fe\u7898\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8003\u91cf\u5230\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u9003\u51fa\u5384\u723e\u5df4\u5cf6\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5c40\u52e2\u4e15\u8b8a\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u524d\u57281815\u5e74\u6b78\u570b\u3002<\/p>\n

1819\u5e74\u6234\u7dad\u53d7\u5c01\u7235\u58eb\uff0c\u9694\u5e741820\u5e74\u5c31\u4efb\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u9662\u9577\u3002\u6234\u7dad\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u6500\u4e0a\u505a\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u8005\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9802\u5cf0\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5e74\u8f15\u6642\u5c31\u505a\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5371\u96aa\u53c8\u5c0d\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u6025\u8f49\u76f4\u4e0b\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u5929\u5929\u5f9e\u65c5\u884c\u548c\u91e3\u9b5a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5b89\u6170\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u57281829\u5e745\u670829\u65e5\u5ba2\u6b7b\u745e\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n

\"f3\"<\/a>
\u5de6\u5716\u70ba Penzance \u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6234\u7dad\u9285\u50cf (\u4f5c\u8005\u62cd\u651d)\uff1b\u53f3\u5716\u4e3b\u984c\u70ba\u5728\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8b93\u807d\u773e\u5438\u7b11\u6c23\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u756b \u634f\u8457\u807d\u773e\u9f3b\u5b50\u7684\u662fGarnett\uff0c\u62ff\u8457\u71d2\u74f6\u7684\u662f\u6234\u7dad\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u53f3\u5074\u9580\u65c1\u7684\u662f\u4f96\u798f\u7279\u4f2f\u7235\u3002\u51fa\u8655: Wikipedia\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5728\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c
\n<\/b>\u7576\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u88ab\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8058\u70ba\u52a9\u624b\u6642\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u96d6\u7136\u5df2\u7d93\u8fad\u53bb\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u88e1\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6234\u7dad\u5728\u884c\u653f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5168\u9762\u96b8\u5c6c\u65bc\u6234\u7dad\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5b78\u554f\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5927\u5927\u53d7\u76ca\u65bc\u6234\u7dad\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5c31\u8077\u7d04\u534a\u5e74\u5f8c\u88ab\u6234\u7dad\u8acb\u6c42\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u52a9\u624b\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u6b50\u6d32\u65c5\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5be7\u53ef\u5192\u8457\u5931\u696d\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u4e5f\u958b\u5fc3\u5730\u540c\u884c\u3002\u6c92\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50c5\u8981\u7576\u7814\u7a76\u52a9\u624b\u9084\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u505a\u50d5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6234\u7dad\u592b\u4eba\u9084\u628a\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u8996\u70ba\u50d5\u4eba\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u767c\u751f\u904e\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\uff0c\u9019\u8d9f\u65c5\u884c\u5c0d\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4f86\u8aaa\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e78\u597d\uff0c\u56de\u570b\u4ee5\u5f8c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u9084\u80fd\u4ee5\u7565\u512a\u65bc\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u6062\u5fa9\u539f\u8077\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u7acb\u523b\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u30021810\u5e74\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5c0d\u5916\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u63a1\u53d6\u63a5\u53d7\u9662\u5916\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u8a17\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7121\u6cd5\u7acb\u523b\u9032\u884c\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u81f31821\u5e74\u70ba\u6b62\u7684\u4e94\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u7dad\u6301\u7ba1\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u9084\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u59d4\u8a17\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c (\u4f8b\u5982\u59d4\u8a17\u5206\u6790) \u6216\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u8a8d\u70ba\u5408\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u652c\u4f86\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ffd\u8457\u8dd1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u8209\u5176\u4e2d\u5e7e\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001815\u5e74\u00a0 \u5354\u52a9\u6234\u7dad\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7926\u5751\u5b89\u5168\u71c8\u7684\u6539\u826f(\u8a3b15)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001818, 1819\u5e74\u4ee5\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u505a\u6c11\u4e8b\u5be9\u5224\u7684\u8b49\u4eba<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001818 \u2013 24\u5e74\u00a0 \u53d7\u53f2\u6258\u9054(Stoddart)(\u8a3b16)\u4e4b\u8a17\u5354\u52a9\u6539\u826f\u92fc\u9435<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"f5\"
\u77d7\u7acb\u5728\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5384\u65af\u7279\u516c\u5712\u7684\u7279\u65af\u7279\u9285\u50cf\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u548c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u56f0\u96e3
\n<\/b>1821\u5e74\u4e39\u9ea5\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5384\u65af\u7279(\u8a3b17)\u767c\u73fe\u82e5\u662f\u5c07\u5e73\u884c\u65bc\u7f85\u76e4\u6307\u91dd\u7684\u91dd\u901a\u96fb\uff0c\u7f85\u76e4\u6307\u91dd\u5c31\u6703\u504f\u96e2\u67d0\u4e9b\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u9810\u6e2c\u96fb\u548c\u78c1\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u95dc\u9023\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728\u6478\u7d22\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b50\u65af\u7279(Oersted)\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5f15\u8d77\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u9a37\u52d5\u3002\u6c83\u52d2\u65af\u6566(Wollaston)(\u8a3b18)\u5f97\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u8dd1\u5230\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u548c\u6234\u7dad\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7279\u5225\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7576\u6642\u6b63\u5c08\u5fc3\u5728\u548c\u53f2\u6258\u9054(Stoddart)\u7814\u7a76\u6539\u826f\u92fc\u9435\uff0c\u4f46\u96fb\u662f\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5b78\u5f92\u6642\u671f\u5c31\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ed6\u53d7\u90fd\u5e02\u54f2\u5b78\u6703\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u8001\u670b\u53cb \u83f2\u5229\u6d66(\u8a3b19)\u7684\u9080\u8acb\uff0c\u8981\u5beb\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u95dc\u96fb\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u73fe\u72c0\u7684\u7d9c\u8ad6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u767c\u8868\u904e\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u6587\u90fd\u8b80\u900f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f9d\u7167\u4ed6\u5411\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5be6\u9a57\u5168\u90e8\u89aa\u81ea\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u628a\u548c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u63a2\u8a0e\u505a\u4e86\u7e3d\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u4e00\u908a\u5beb\u7d9c\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e00\u908a\u62b1\u6709\u300c\u82e5\u662f\u80fd\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5427\u300d\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u947d\u7814\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c\u5427\u3002\u6c92\u904e\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u901a\u96fb\u7684\u91dd\u6703\u7e5e\u8457\u78c1\u9435\u7684\u78c1\u6975\u8f49\u52d5\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u7acb\u523b\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u4eca\u5929\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u96fb\u78c1\u8f49\u52d5\u300d(\u8a3b20)\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u5947\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u767c\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u767c\u4e0d\u767c\u8868\u90fd\u4ee4\u4ed6\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u6234\u7dad\u7684\u53cb\u4eba\u653b\u64ca\u4ed6\u4e0d\u627f\u8a8d\u6234\u7dad\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u9084\u5728\u6c83\u52d2\u65af\u6566\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5beb\u5728\u8ad6\u6587\u88e1\uff0c\u8b1b\u767d\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u527d\u7aca\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u89e3\u91cb\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u8ad6\u6587\u767c\u8868\u524d\u8a66\u5716\u544a\u77e5\u6c83\u52d2\u65af\u6566\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6234\u7dad\u548c\u6c83\u52d2\u65af\u6566\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7576\u6642\u5927\u6982\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u8aa4\u6703\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u975e\u96e3\uff0c\u548c\u6709\u4eba\u6545\u610f\u627e\u78b4\u5427\u30021823\u5e743\u6708\u56e0\u70ba\u6234\u7dad\u4ee5\u9662\u9577\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u5728\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662(\u932f\u8aa4)\u5831\u544a\u96fb\u78c1\u8f49\u52d5\u662f\u7531\u6c83\u52d2\u65af\u6566\u767c\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u904e\u4e86\u5e7e\u661f\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u83f2\u5229\u6d66\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u6848\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u61c9\u88ab\u9078\u70ba\u7687\u5bb6\u9662\u58eb(FRS)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6234\u7dad\u8a66\u5716\u963b\u64cb\u3002\u4ed6\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u9078\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6709\u6307\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6210\u679c\u5427\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u5584\u610f\u5730\u5c07\u6234\u7dad\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u4ed6\u64d4\u5fc3\u82e5\u662f\u63a8\u85a6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u7576 \u7687\u5bb6\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u90a3\u6703\u88ab\u4eba\u5bb6\u8aaa\u6210\u5766\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u3002 \u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u7684\u59a8\u7919\u884c\u52d5\u5931\u6557\uff0c \u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5728 1824\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\u7684\u9078\u8209\u88ab\u9078\u70ba\u7687\u5bb6\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u66fe\u5beb\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u5728\u6211\u6210\u70ba\u7687\u5bb6\u9662\u58eb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u6234\u7dad\u7235\u58eb\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c31\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e86\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u6050\u6015\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6234\u7dad\u52d5\u4e86\u4e9b\u624b\u8173\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5f9e1825\u5e74\u8d77\u88ab\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u53bb\u505a\u300c\u5149\u5b78\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u6539\u826f\u300d\u7684\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u90fd\u88ab\u8017\u8cbb\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u559c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u4ed6\u90fd\u5f97\u758f\u9060\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u3002 \u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e2d\u65b7\u5149\u5b78\u73bb\u7483\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u8fd4\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u7dca\u63a5\u84571829\u5e74\u6234\u7dad\u5ba2\u6b7b\u745e\u58eb\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u5076\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u8e0f\u5be6\u5730\u6210\u9577\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53d7\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5167\u5916\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\u6b64\u671f\u9593\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001823\u5e743\u67085\u65e5\u00a0 \u6210\u529f\u6db2\u5316\u6c2f\u6c23<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001824\u5e74\u00a0 \u548c\u5e03\u862d\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u5171\u540c\u6388\u8ab2<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001825\u5e74\u00a0 \u767c\u73fe\u82ef<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001825 \u5e74\u00a0 \u5c31\u4efb\u5be6\u9a57\u6240\u6240\u9577(\u8a3b21)\u00a0 \u52a0\u85aa\u81f3\u5e74\u85aa100\u938a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001825, 1826\u5e74\u00a0 \u4f01\u5283\u4e26\u5be6\u65bd\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u548c\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001827\u5e74\u00a0 \u51fa\u7248\u8457\u4f5c\u300c\u5316\u5b78\u64cd\u4f5c\u300d(\u8a3b22)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30001829\u5e74\u00a0 \u9996\u6b21\u8c9d\u514b\u840a(Bakerian)\u6f14\u8b1b(\u8a3b23)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7279\u5225\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u548c\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u7684\u4f01\u5283\u548c\u5be6\u65bd\u3002\u5fe0\u65bc\u8077\u52d9\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5728\u5c31\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9662\u9577\u6642\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6539\u5584\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8ca1\u653f\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8077\u52d9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8209\u8fa6\u6536\u8cbb\u7684\u516c\u958b\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u8ca1\u653f\u4e0a\u6210\u6548\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6301\u7e8c\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c07\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u540d\u8072\u63a8\u5411\u5dd4\u5cf0\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u5c0d\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u56de\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u904e\u7684\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7e3d\u7d50\u4ed6\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\u6f14\u8b1b\u6703\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u300e\u881f\u71ed\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u300f\uff0c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u6f14\u8b1b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u63a8\u5ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u505a\u51fa\u5049\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u800c\u540d\u7559\u9752\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2605\u4e0b\u56de\u9810\u544a\u300c\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c<\/a>\u300d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u8a3b\u89e3\uff1a
\n<\/strong>*1 The Royal Institution of Great Britain\u3002
\n*2 \u67e5\u723e\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u6388\u4e88\u6555\u547d\u72c0\u6642\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u662f Royal Society of London\u3002
\n*3 Fellow of the Royal Society: \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u70baFRS\u3002
\n*4 Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1753 - 1814): \u82f1\u570b\u6b96\u6c11\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5426\u5b9aCaloric Theory (\u71b1\u8cea\u8aaa) \uff0c\u5728\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u6709\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002
\n*5 \u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u300d\u5728\u7576\u6642\u88ab\u7a31\u505a\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u300d\u3002
\n*6 John Fuller (1757 - 1734)\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u6350\u6b3e\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5bcc\u52d2\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u8077 (\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u7b2c\u4e8c\u56de) \u3002
\n*7 Thomas Garnett (1766 - 1802): \u82f1\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9996\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u3002
\n*8 Thomas Young (1773 - 1829): \u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u89e3\u8b80\u7f85\u8cfd\u5854\u77f3\u4e0a\u7684\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u4e5f\u6709\u8ca2\u737b\u3002
\n*9 Sir Humphry Davy (1778 - 1829): \u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u5316\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3002
\n*10 Robert and Glace Davy: \u751f\u5e73\u4e0d\u8a73\u3002
\n*11 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 - 1834): \u82f1\u570b\u8a69\u4eba\u3002\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u548c\u83ef\u8332\u83ef\u65af (William Wordsworth)\u6df1\u4ea4\u3002
\n*12 Thomas Beddose (1760 - 1808): \u82f1\u570b\u91ab\u5e2b\u3002\u91ab\u9662\u7d93\u71df\u8005\u3002
\n*13 James Watt (1736 - 1819): \u82f1\u570b\u6a5f\u68b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u3002\u56e0\u6539\u826fNewcomen\u84b8\u6c7d\u6a5f\u800c\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u3002
\n*14 Jane Apreece (1736 - 1819): \u8a69\u4eba\u62dc\u502b\u7684\u89aa\u621a\u3002\u62dc\u502b\u7684\u5973\u5152\u4e5f\u66fe\u5728\u9023\u8f09\u7b2c\u4e00\u56de\u767b\u5834\u904e\u3002
\n*15 \u96d6\u7136\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6234\u7dad\u7684\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u767c\u660e\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u7a2e\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u53c8\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6234\u7dad\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u800c\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u3002
\n*16 James Stoddart: \u82f1\u570b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u3002
\n*17 Hans Christian Oersted (1777 - 1851): \u4e39\u9ea5\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u900f\u904e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u70ba\u96fb\u5b78\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8ca2\u737b\u3002
\n*18 William Hyde Wollaston (1766 - 1828): \u82f1\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u6210\u5c31\u70ba\u9200(Pd) \uff0c\u92a0(Rh)\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\n*19 Richard Philips (1778 - 1851): \u82f1\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002
\n*20 electromagnetic rotation\u3002
\n*21 Director of the Laboratory\u3002\u6642\u5e38\u6703\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e1801-25\u5e74\u6234\u7dad\uff0c1825-57\u5e74\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\uff0c1857-1887\u5e74\u5ef7\u5f97\u8033\u7684\u9019\u500b\u9663\u5bb9\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9662\u9577\u7684\u8077\u52d9\u3002\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u53e6\u6709\u6240\u8b02President (\u7e3d\u88c1) \u7684\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u4e8b\u9577\uff0c\u800cDirector of the Laboratory \u5247\u70ba\u6821\u9577\u3002(\u8b6f\u8a3b: \u56e0\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u9662\u9577\u70baPresident, \u539f\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u53c8\u4e0d\u6a02\u898bDirector of the Laboratory\u88ab\u8b6f\u70ba \u201d\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u201d,\u00a0 \u56e0\u6b64\u8b6f\u8005\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u5c07Director of the Laboratory\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u5be6\u9a57\u6240\u6240\u9577\uff0cPresident \u70ba\u9662\u9577\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u201d\u6234\u7dad\u8207\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c0f\u6bb5\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u53e5\u5beb\u8457\u201d 1801\u5e74\u4ed6\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u70ba\u525b\u6210\u7acb\u6c92\u591a\u4e45\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6f14\u8b1b\u52a9\u624b\u517c\u5be6\u9a57\u4e3b\u4efb\u201d \uff0c\u986f\u7136\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a19\u6e96)
\n*22 Chemical Manipulation: Being Instructions To Students In Chemistry, On the Methods Of Performing Experiments Of Demonstration Or Of Research, With Accuracy And Success: 1830\u5e74\u7248\u6709\u7d04670\u9801\u3002\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4ee5\u81ea\u8eab\u7d93\u9a57\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u6240\u5beb\u6210\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u624b\u518a\u3002
\n*23 Bakerian lecture\u3002\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u65bc1775\u5e74\u5275\u7acb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u916c\u91d1\u5f88\u4f4e(\u50c5\u6709\u6578\u938a) \uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u88ab\u9078\u70ba\u6f14\u8b1b\u8005\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u69ae\u8000\u3002
\n--<\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u51fa\u8655\uff1a\u9023\u8f09\u65bc\u300e\u5316\u5b66\u300f\uff0c68\uff085\uff09\uff0c22\uff082013\uff09\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u540c\u4eba\u793e\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u7af9\u5167\u30fb\u656c\u4eba Takeuchi Yoshito\uff0c\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u795e\u5948\u5ddd\u5927\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\u3002 1962\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u5927\u5b78\u9662\u7406\u5b78\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1a\u9673\u7af9\u4ead\uff0c\u81fa\u5927\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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