{"id":15326,"date":"2013-11-15T23:22:32","date_gmt":"2013-11-15T15:22:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=15326"},"modified":"2017-07-27T10:52:06","modified_gmt":"2017-07-27T02:52:06","slug":"%e3%80%90%e4%ba%ba%e7%89%a9%e5%b0%88%e8%a8%aa%e3%80%91%e9%99%b3%e7%a7%80%e7%86%99%e6%95%99%e6%8e%88%e2%94%80%e6%95%b8%e5%ad%b8%e5%81%b5%e6%8e%a2%e7%9a%84%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e4%bf%a1%e4%bb%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=15326","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u4eba\u7269\u5c08\u8a2a\u3011\u9673\u79c0\u7199\u6559\u6388\u2500\u6578\u5b78\u5075\u63a2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4fe1\u4ef0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"_MG_1537\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u63a1\u8a2a\uff0f\u64b0\u6587<\/strong>\u2502\u6797\u4fde\u4f50
\n\u651d\u5f71<\/strong>\u2502\u9ec3\u9053\u4f50<\/p>\n

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\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6842\u51a0\u4e0a\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u500b\u6708\u525b\u63ed\u66c9\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u674e\u7dad\u7279\u535a\u58eb(Michael Levitt)\u66fe\u5728\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4(Laboratory of Molecular Biology\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31LMB)\u4fee\u7fd2\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u3002\u9673\u79c0\u7199\u8001\u5e2b\u4e5f\u66fe\u57281992\u5e74\u81f31996\u5e74\u9593\u5728\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u653b\u8b80\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c42\u5b78\u671f\u9593\u7684\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u76db\u7522\u5091\u51fa\u5b78\u8005\u8207\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u57ce\uff0c\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5206\u4eab\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u572880~90\u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u958b\u59cb\u8a2d\u7acb\u6240\u8b02\u5be6\u52d9\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3002\u5916\u754c\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8209\u63aa\u8b93\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u528d\u6a4b\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5f97\u734e\u6578\u958b\u59cb\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff1f\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u5728\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u8a66\u8457\u63d0\u554f\uff0c\u8003\u9a57\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6842\u51a0\u69ae\u8000\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7d0480\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u5169\u500b\u7279\u5225\u6703\u51fa\u7522\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\u5361\u6587\u8fea\u897f\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4(Cavendish Laboratory )\u8207\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4(LMB)\uff0c\u5404\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u7269\u7406\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7121\u4e0a\u69ae\u8000\uff0c\u80fd\u9032\u5165\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5b78\u7fd2\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u63d0\u53ca\uff1a\u300c\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5f88\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4f60\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3001\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u627e\u5230\u3002\u300d\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u5357\u6975\u3001\u5317\u6975\u7684\u63a2\u52d8\u7d00\u9304\uff0c\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u6642\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u5148\u92d2\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3002\u800c\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdfCavendish\u8207LMB\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u7406\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u572890\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u8f03\u4e0d\u53d7\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u9752\u775e\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u671f\u528d\u6a4b\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u98a8\u683c\u958b\u59cb\u8f49\u8b8a\u62d3\u5bec\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u8a2d\u7acb\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u7b49\u61c9\u7528\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3002\u5728\u62ff\u8d77\u6578\u5b78\u653e\u5927\u93e1\u6aa2\u8996\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u63d0\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e26\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u6a23\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u4e0a\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

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\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u2027\u970d\u91d1(Stephen Hawking)<\/b>\u5728\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u6c42\u5b78\u904e\uff0c\u4e5f\u9577\u5e74\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5916\u754c\u592a\u904e\u65bc\u91cd\u8996\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5149\u74b0\uff0c\u8a72\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u662f\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u3002\u300d\u610f\u5373\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u55ae\u7d14\u7528\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7372\u734e\u6578\u91cf\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u572890\u5e74\u4ee3\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5f7c\u7aef\u7684\u77fd\u8c37\u6b63\u6975\u901f\u767c\u5c55\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u7522\u696d\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u528d\u6a4b\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u88e1\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u7ff9\u695a\u85c9\u6b64\u8f49\u63db\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u624d\u7af6\u596a\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6578\u5b78\u5075\u63a2\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u56e0\u7d20<\/b><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u8207\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u528d\u6a4b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u98a8\u683c\u64f4\u5c55\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u8996\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u9084\u6709\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8a55\u734e\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u6642\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u9077\u79fb\u3002\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u907f\u514d\u932f\u8aa4\u6b78\u56e0\u3001\u731b\u7136\u8a55\u65b7\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u8981\u57f9\u990a\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u56e0\u7d20\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u529b\u3002\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u8209\u4e8680\u5e74\u4ee3\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5496\u5561\u8207\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u521d\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u6163\u559d\u5496\u5561\u8005\u5176\u5f97\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u70ba\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u300c\u559d\u5496\u5561=\u5f97\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u300c\u5f8c\u4f86\u624d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u559d\u5496\u5561\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u7fd2\u6163\u62bd\u83f8\uff0c\u9999\u83f8\u7684\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u3001\u7126\u6cb9\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u5c31\u662f\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u77db\u76fe(Simpson Paradox)\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6578\u64da\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u55ae\u7d14\u5730\u5408\u4f75\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u53f0\u5927\u91ab\u9662\u88e1\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u76db\u884c\u7387\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u8207\u8b77\u58eb\u64c1\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u767c\u751f\u7387\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4f4e\u624d\u5c0d\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6f0f\u6389\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8108\u7d61\u5462\uff1f\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u5c07\u6703\u572811\/23\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u8207\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528\u653e\u5927\u93e1\u4f86\u770b\u300c\u597d\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u300d<\/b><\/p>\n

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\u8207\u6b64\u76f8\u540c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u6aa2\u9a57\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u67d0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7d93\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u767c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6aa2\u6e2c\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u537b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u5340\u5075\u6e2c\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u6a5f\u7387\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5de5\u5177\u65bd\u6e2c\u5730\u5340\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u76db\u884c\u7387\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u4e86\u3002\u518d\u5f80\u5916\u884d\u4f38\uff0c\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff1f\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u8c61\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u300c\u8c9d\u6c0f\u6578\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u500b\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u3001\u6216\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6538\u95dc\u91cd\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u842c\u7269\u7686\u6211\u5e2b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/b><\/p>\n

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\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5fc5\u9808\u6a6b\u8de8\u4e0d\u540c\u5c08\u696d\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u611f\u7684\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u61c9\u7528\u79d1\u5b78\u6c92\u6709\u8ab0\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u66f4\u91cd\u8996\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u7af6\u5408\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u80cc\u5f8c\u5f97\u734e\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u8207\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7aef\u770b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8868\u9762\u9a5f\u4e0b\u5b9a\u8ad6\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u9673\u8001\u5e2b\u5728\u8a2a\u8ac7\u6700\u5f8c\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5206\u4eab\u4ed6\u5e73\u65e5\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u5e73\u5e38\u559c\u6b61\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u7528\u79d1\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u89e3\u8b80\u4f5b\u7d93\u3001\u8056\u7d93\u3001\u53ef\u862d\u7d93\u3002\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8eab\u70ba\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u98a8\u7bc4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u842c\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u5075\u63a2\u5011\u6a02\u6b64\u4e0d\u75b2\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8b80\u7269\uff01<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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