{"id":14711,"date":"2013-10-22T17:40:58","date_gmt":"2013-10-22T09:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=14711"},"modified":"2017-07-27T11:05:50","modified_gmt":"2017-07-27T03:05:50","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a210-%e3%80%91%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e5%85%a7%e5%bf%83%e7%9a%84%e5%b0%8f%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%ef%bc%9a%e8%ab%87%e5%a4%a7%e8%85%a6%e7%9a%84%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e8%88%87%e6%a8%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=14711","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d2210 \u3011\u63a2\u7d22\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u5c0f\u5b87\u5b99\uff1a\u8ac7\u5927\u8166\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6a21\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong><strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u25a0 \u300c\u6211\u8ffd\u5c0b\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u3001\u6211\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u7adf\u7136\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5927\u8166\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u5f9e\u90a3\u523b\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u53e6\u773c\u76f8\u770b\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/\u5716\u72471.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-15629\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/\u5716\u72471.png\" alt=\"\u5716\u72471\" width=\"804\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/\u5716\u72471.png 1256w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/\u5716\u72471-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/\u5716\u72471-1024x706.png 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/\u5716\u72471-600x414.png 600w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/\u5716\u72471-800x552.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" \/><\/a>\u64b0\u6587<\/strong>\u2502\u90ed\u51a0\u5ef7<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u8166\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u904e\u53bb\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u5104\u5230\u5169\u5343\u5104\u500b\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7b54\u6848\u8b93\u71b1\u611b\u5929\u6587\u7684\u4e2d\u6cc9\u8001\u5e2b\u76f8\u7576\u9707\u9a5a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5927\u7d04\u6709\u5169\u5343\u5104\u5230\u56db\u5343\u5104\u7684\u6046\u661f\u3002\u539f\u4f86\u8b93\u8001\u5e2b\u5f9e\u5341\u4e8c\u6b72\u7acb\u5fd7\u7576\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5c0b\u8993\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u8166\u7576\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\">\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u7d93\u7121\u6cd5\u8003\u7a76\u3002\u8001\u5e2b\u8acb\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u4f30\u8a08\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u6578\u76ee\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u63db\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u4f30\u7b97\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5ee3\u5834\u4e0a\u7684\u7e3d\u4eba\u6578\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u53d6\u6a23\u4f30\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7372\u5f97\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u82e5\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\u4fbf\u6703\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7d30\u80de\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u4f30\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5df4\u897f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u60f3\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u628a\u5927\u8166\u6253\u788e\uff0c\u5c07\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u67d3\u8272\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u5747\u52fb\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002\u518d\u6416\u4e00\u74e2\u53d6\u6a23\uff0c\u7d30\u6578\u6a23\u54c1\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u6578\u76ee\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6578\u503c\u662f\u7d04\u516b\u767e\u516d\u5341\u5104\u500b\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u795e\u5b78\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6642\u4ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u5143\u524d\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\uff08Aristot\u00e9l\u0113s\uff09\u4e3b\u5f35\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u6e90\u81ea\u5fc3\u81df\u3002\u897f\u5143\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u84cb\u502b\uff08Aelius Galenus\uff09<a href=\"#1\"><sup>[1] <\/sup><\/a>\u8a8d\u70ba\u8840\u7ba1\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5fc3\u81df\u3001\u795e\u7d93\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u800c\u795e\u7d93\u50b3\u5c0e\u7cbe\u795e\uff08spiritus\uff09\u81f3\u5168\u8eab\u5404\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\">\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\uff08Ren\u00e9 Descartes\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\u985e\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u5c55\u6a5f\u68b0\uff0c\u5c0d\u6d41\u9ad4\u529b\u5b78\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u4e3b\u5f35\u300c\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u300d\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u773e\u591a\u300c\u95a5\u9580\u300d\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u6bcf\u7576\u95a5\u9580\u6253\u958b\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u548c\u601d\u8003\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u5c31\u6703\u885d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u795e\u7d93\u8207\u96fb\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1791\u5e74\u8def\u6613\u5409\u00b7\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\uff08Luigi Aloisio Glavani\uff09<a href=\"#2\"><sup>[2] <\/sup><\/a>\u56e0\u70ba\u610f\u5916\u5f97\u77e5\u96fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u523a\u6fc0\u9752\u86d9\u817f\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u767c\u73fe\u751f\u7269\u96fb\u6027\uff08bioelectricity\uff09\u3002\u4f3d\u4f10\u5c3c\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u9752\u86d9\u817f\u4f86\u81ea\u817f\u90e8\u808c\u8089\uff0c\u5167\u542b\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u96fb\u529b\u7522\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f85\u00b7\u4f0f\u6253<a href=\"#3\"><sup>[3] <\/sup><\/a>\uff08Count Alessandro Volta\uff09\u537b\u4e0d\u9019\u9ebc\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u96fb\u6d41\u50b3\u5c0e\u662f\u901a\u904e\u7528\u4f86\u9023\u63a5\u795e\u7d93\u548c\u808c\u8089\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u7dda\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5169\u4eba\u70ba\u96fb\u529b\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u548c\u6210\u56e0\u722d\u5435\u4e0d\u4f11\u3002\u4f0f\u6253\u9084\u7279\u5730\u70ba\u6b64\u65bc1800\u5e74\u767c\u660e\u300c\u4f0f\u6253\u96fb\u6c60\u300d\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u63a8\u7ffb\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u300c\u52d5\u7269\u96fb\u6d41\u8cea\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u6b64\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u7206\u767c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u885d\u52d5\u300d\u662f\u300c\u8108\u885d\u6ce2\u300d\u3002\u800c1850\u5e74\u8d6b\u723e\u66fc\u00b7\u99ae\u00b7\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u8332\uff08Hermann von Helmholtz\uff09<a href=\"#4\"><sup>[4] <\/sup><\/a>\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u795e\u7d93\u8a0a\u865f\u50b3\u5c0e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u6bcf\u79d224.6-38.4\u516c\u5c3a\u3002\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7121\u9650\u5feb\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52d5\u6709\u6975\u9650\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cf\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u795e\u7d93\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u56e0\u70ba\u819c\u5167\u5916\u5e36\u96fb\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u9020\u6210\u96fb\u4f4d\u5dee\uff0c\u800c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u53ef\u8b93\u7279\u5b9a\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u7576\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u819c\u96fb\u6d41\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u795e\u7d93\u50b3\u5c0e\u548c\u96fb\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u4fc2\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4fbf\u5f97\u4ee5\u5beb\u4e0b\u6578\u5b78\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u96fb\u4f4d\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u8207\u6211\u5011\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c<span style=\"font-size: 13px;\">\u7576\u8f38\u5165\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\u9054\u7279\u5b9a\u300c\u95be\u503c\uff08threshold\uff09\u300d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u6703\u7a81\u7136\u300c\u767c\u706b\uff08Neuron Fires\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u907d\u589e\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u9806\u8457\u795e\u7d93\u7e96\u7dad\u50b3\u5c0e\u4e0b\u53bb\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u96fb\u6d41\u5c0f\u65bc\u95be\u503c\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u628a\u8a0a\u865f\u50b3\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u7d93\u7684\u50b3\u5c0e\u662f\u300c\u8108\u885d\u6ce2\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\uff01\u9019\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u96fb\u8166\u7a0b\u5f0f\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u662f\u63a1\u53d6\u975e0\u53731\u7684\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6578\u4f4d\u8207\u985e\u6bd4\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u6578\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u96dc\u8a0a\u3002\u985e\u6bd4\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5f71\u5370\u6a5f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u4e00\u5f35DM\u91cd\u8907\u5f71\u5370\u6578\u6b21\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6703\u5931\u771f\u3002\u4f46\u5047\u5982\u662f\u7531\u96fb\u8166\u6578\u4f4d\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u91cd\u8907\u8f38\u51fa\u5e7e\u5f35\uff0c\u8a0a\u865f\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u8981\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u6578\u503c\u662f1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96dc\u8a0a\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b9\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6703\u8b8a\u62101.25\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u6578\u4f4d\u50b3\u8a0a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u6821\u6b63\u56de1\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662f\u985e\u6bd4\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u96dc\u8a0a\u7684\u7d2f\u52a0\uff0c\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u53d71.25\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6578\u4f4d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u985e\u4f3c\u795e\u7d93\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u300c\u95be\u503c\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9054\u5230\u300c\u95be\u503c\u300d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u50b3\u905e\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u7d93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u96dc\u8a0a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u885d\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u96fb\u5bb9\u96fb\u963b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6703\u7528\u96fb\u8def\u6a21\u64ec\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c1907\u5e74\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u62c9\u7562\u683c\uff08Louis Lapicque\uff09<a href=\"#5\"><sup>[5] <\/sup><\/a> \u5c31\u5beb\u51fa\u4e00\u689dLeaky Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Model\u6578\u5b78\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u662f\u5927\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5468\u908a\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u9032\u884c\u751f\u7269\u5be6\u9a57\u6642\uff0c\u5207\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u8166\u7d44\u7e54\u4e5f\u4e0d\u751a\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u67d3\u8272\u6cd5\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u624d\u8b93\u5927\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1906\u5e74\u7b2c\u516d\u5c46\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u5c31\u9812\u7d66\u4e86\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Camillo Golgi\u5361\u7c73\u6d1b\u00b7\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa<a href=\"#6\"><sup>[6] <\/sup><\/a>\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7d44\u7e54\u5b78\u5bb6\u8056\u5730\u4e9e\u54e5\u00b7\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u5361\u54c8\u723eSantiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal\u3002\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u67d3\u8272\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u898b\u5927\u8166\u7d44\u7e54\uff1b\u800c\u5361\u54c8\u723e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u72c2\u71b1\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u54e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u79c9\u6301\u512a\u7570\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u5c07\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c\u7e6a\u88fd\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6cbf\u7528\u8fc4\u4eca\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u662f\u5927\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9023\u6210\u4e00\u4e32\u7684\u7db2\u72c0\u7269\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u7d93\u5143\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6a39\u7a81\uff08Dendrites\uff09\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u672c\u9ad4\uff08soma\uff09\u3001\u8ef8\u7a81\uff08Axon\uff09\u3002\u6a39\u7a81\uff0c\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5929\u7dda\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u63a5\u6536\u4e0a\u6e38\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u50b3\u4f86\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff1b\u63a5\u8457\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u672c\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8a0a\u865f\u5920\u5f37\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u751f\u795e\u7d93\u885d\u52d5\uff0c\u5f9e\u8ef8\u7a81\u5f80\u4e0b\u6e38\u7d30\u80de\u50b3\u905e\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u751f\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u8a18\u4f4f\u6cd5\u570b\u9996\u90fd\u662f\u5df4\u9ece\uff1f\u300d\u6211\u5011\u8166\u888b\u74dc\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\uff0c\u6709\u300c\u6cd5\u570b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u81fa\u7063\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u300d\u7b49\u3002\u9996\u90fd\u4e5f\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u300c\u4e0a\u6d77\u300d\u3001\u300c\u81fa\u5317\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7d10\u7d04\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5df4\u9ece\u300d\u7b49\u3002\u7576\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u6cd5\u570b\u9996\u90fd\u300d\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u300c\u4e0a\u6d77\u300d\u3001\u300c\u81fa\u5317\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7d10\u7d04\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5df4\u9ece\u300d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u90fd\u6703\u4eae\u71c8\u3002\u4f46\u7576\u8001\u5e2b\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u300c\u6cd5\u570b\u9996\u90fd\u662f\u5df4\u9ece\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u5df4\u9ece\u300d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u7279\u5225\u4eae\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u91cd\u8907\u5e7e\u6b21\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u6cd5\u570b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9996\u90fd\u5df4\u9ece\u300d\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u4fbf\u6703\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5f37\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8ad6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u5341\u5206\u7e1d\u5bc6\u3002\u4f46\u600e\u9ebc\u5f97\u77e5\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8a66\u60f3\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u591a\u9054\u516b\u767e\u516d\u5341\u5104\u500b\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u795e\u7d93\u8a0a\u865f\u662f\u4f9d\u5e8f\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u5404\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u50b3\u905e\u6642\u9593\u662f\u5341\u6beb\u79d2\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u9700\u8981\u81f3\u5c11\u300c\u516b\u5343\u516d\u767e\u79d2\u300d\u624d\u6703\u5c0d\u5916\u754c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6709\u6240\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7db2\u8def\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u300d\u4e2d\u6cc9\u8001\u5e2b\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a\u300c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8ad6\uff08Six Degrees of Separation\uff09\u300d<a href=\"#7\"><sup>[7] <\/sup><\/a>\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u516d\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u806f\u7e6b\u4efb\u4f55\u5169\u500b\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u8b58\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u8166\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u53ea\u8981\u5148\u50b3\u905e\u5230\u67d0\u500b\u300c\u96c6\u7dda\u5668\uff08HUB\uff09\u300d\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u50b3\u5230\u9060\u65b9\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7bc0\u7701\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5916\u578b\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0f\u8166\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\uff08Purkinje cell\uff09<a href=\"#8\"><sup>[8] <\/sup><\/a>\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u704c\u6728\u53e2\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u300d\u4e2d\u6cc9\u8001\u5e2b\u653e\u51fa\u4e00\u5f35\u975e\u5e38\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4e26\u9ede\u51fa\u5c0f\u8166\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u6578\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6bd4\u5927\u8166\u9084\u8981\u591a\u3002\u300c\u5927\u8166\u8ca0\u8cac\u8a8d\u77e5\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u7406\u61c9\u662f\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6700\u591a\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c0f\u8166\u3002\u300d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u8fc4\u4eca\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u90fd\u9084\u6c92\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u500b\u89e3\u7b54\uff0c\u6709\u5fd7\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u540c\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4ee5\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u96fb\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14713\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14713\" style=\"width: 449px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=14713\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-14713\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14713 \" title=\"BUG\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/p22.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/p22.png 647w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/p22-300x236.png 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/p22-600x473.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14713\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u96fb\u8166\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u7c3f\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u9020\u6210\u96fb\u8166\u7576\u6a5f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u300c\u81ed\u87f2\u300d\u3002The First Computer Bug(\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aU.S. Naval Historical Center Online Library Photograph NH 96566-KN)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>1936\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u963f\u862d\u00b7\u5716\u9748\uff08Alan Mathison Turing\uff09<a href=\"#9\"><sup>[9] <\/sup><\/a>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a08\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u300c\u5716\u9748\u6a5f<a href=\"#10\"><sup>[10] <\/sup><\/a>\u300d\u3002\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u96fb\u8166\u8207\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u4f86\u81e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u662f\u5c07\u5361\u7247\u4e00\u5f35\u5f35\u5730\u9001\u9032\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4e00\u81fa\u96fb\u8166\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u8981\u4e00\u9593\u5177\u5927\u7684\u623f\u9593\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684\u99ac\u514b\u4e00\u865f\uff08Mark I\uff09<a href=\"#11\"><sup>[11] <\/sup><\/a>\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u6578\u4f4d\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u5b5872\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u4e58\u6cd5\u8017\u66426\u79d2\uff0c\u9664\u6cd5\u8017\u664215.3\u79d2\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u5beb\u5728\u6253\u5361\u7684\u7d19\u5e36\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u96bb\u98db\u86fe\uff08\u6216\u81ed\u87f2\uff09\u6389\u5728\u5361\u5e36\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9020\u6210\u96fb\u8166\u7576\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u932f\u8aa4\uff08BUG\uff09\u300d<a href=\"#12\"><sup>[12] <\/sup><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u5728\u5361\u7d19\u4e0a\u6253\u6d1e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u300d\u800c\u975e\u300c\u4e09\u9032\u4f4d\u300d\u6216\u300c\u56db\u9032\u4f4d\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u8166\u8207\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u7570\u540c\u8655<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\">\u99ae\u7d10\u66fc\u865f\u7a31\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u8070\u660e\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u99ae\u7d10\u66fc\u67b6\u69cb\uff08von Neumann architecture\uff09<a href=\"#13\"><sup>[13] <\/sup><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\">\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\">\u4ed6\u5c07\u96fb\u8166\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08Memory\uff09\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u55ae\u5143\uff08Control Unit\uff09\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u904b\u7b97\u7684\u55ae\u5143\uff08Arithmetic Logic Unit\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u96fb\u8166\u8207\u4eba\u8166\u7684\u76f8\u7570\u8655\u6709\u5e7e\u9805\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u904b\u7b97\u55ae\u5143\u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u662f\u5206\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u8166\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5206\u958b\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u904b\u7b97\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u4eba\u8166\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u3002\u4e09\u3001\u4eba\u8166\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u3002\u56db\u3001\u4eba\u8166\u80fd\u5920\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bb9\u932f\u3002\u4e94\u3001\u4eba\u8166\u4e0d\u7528\u5e8f\u5217\u904b\u7b97\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5e73\u884c\u904b\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8166\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8da8\u52e2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8166\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u986f\u5b78\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u4eca\u5e74\u767c\u8d77\u5927\u8166\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u300cBrain Initiative\u300d\u6216\u6b50\u76df\u7684\u300cHuman Brain Project\u300d\u3002\u9084\u6709\u81fa\u7063\u4e5f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u679c\u8805\u300cFlycircuit\u300d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e2d\u6cc9\u8001\u5e2b\u4e5f\u547c\u7c72\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u5c0f\u770b\u679c\u8805\uff0c\u679c\u8805\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><sup>[1] <\/sup><a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%9B%96%E4%BC%A6\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u76d6\u4f26<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"2\"><\/a><sup>[2]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luigi_Galvani\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luigi_Galvani<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"3\"><\/a><sup>[3]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E4%BC%8F%E6%89%93\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f85\u00b7\u4f0f\u6253<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"4\"><\/a><sup>[4]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B9\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u4ea5\u59c6\u970d\u5179<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"5\"><\/a><sup>[5]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Lapicque\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Lapicque<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"6\"><\/a><sup>[6]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u5361\u7c73\u6d1b\u00b7\u9ad8\u5c14\u57fa<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"7\"><\/a><sup>[7]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%AD%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%86%E9%9A%94%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u516d\u5ea6\u5206\u9694\u7406\u8bba<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"8\"><\/a><sup>[8]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purkinje_cell\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purkinje_cell<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"9\"><\/a><sup>[9]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u56fe\u7075<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"10\"><\/a><sup>[10]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5%E6%9C%BA\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u56fe\u7075\u673a<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"11\"><\/a><sup>[11]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%99%9F\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u99ac\u514b\u4e00\u865f<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"12\"><\/a><sup>[12]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"13\"><\/a><sup>[13]<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/zh-tw\/%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/zh-tw\/\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u7ed3\u6784<\/a><\/p>\n<p>--<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #333333;\"> \u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1a102\/10\/12\u4e0b\u5348\u7531\u7f85\u4e2d\u6cc9\u6559\u6388\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u61c9\u529b\u6240\u570b\u969b\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u6240\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4e4b\u300c\u63a2\u7d22\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u5c0f\u5b87\u5b99\uff1a\u8ac7\u5927\u8166\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6a21\u578b\u300d\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9<\/span><\/pre>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #333333;\"> \u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a\u81fa\u5927\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63a2\u7d22\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea72013\u5e7410\u670812\u65e5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8b1b\u3008\u63a2\u7d22\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u5c0f\u5b87\u5b99\uff1a\u8ac7\u5927\u8166\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6a21\u578b\u3009<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/CASTUDIO\/course.php?speech_ID=3365#video_top\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u5168\u7a0b\u5f71\u97f3<\/span><\/a><\/pre>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aVita Chen<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f \u25a0 \u300c\u6211\u8ffd\u5c0b\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u5929\u6587\u7269<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":28933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,892],"tags":[904,954],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/\u5716\u72471-1.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14711"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14711"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14711\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28934,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14711\/revisions\/28934"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14711"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14711"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}