{"id":1439,"date":"2009-12-25T17:50:25","date_gmt":"2009-12-25T09:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=1439"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:21:29","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:21:29","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%be%ae%e8%a7%80%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e3%80%91%e7%99%bc%e7%8f%be%e7%a2%b3%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%ef%bc%88carbon%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=1439","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5fae\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u3011\u767c\u73fe\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\uff08Carbon\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u25a0 \u925b\u7b46\u4e2d\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u3001\u70e4\u8089\u6642\u7684\u6728\u70ad\u3001\u6212\u6307\u4e0a\u7684\u947d\u77f3\uff0c\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u7a7a\u6c23\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u88e1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587<\/strong> \u2223 \u8449\u798f\u8ca1\uff08\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u7acb\u5efa\u570b\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\uff09<br \/>\n<strong>\u8cac\u7de8<\/strong> \u2223 \u9673\u7af9\u4ead\uff08\u53f0\u5927\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3001\u53f0\u5927\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\uff09<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1440\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1440\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1440 \" title=\"a lump of coal in the middle of diamons (mohammadali@flicker)\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/12\/2815755503_da3018ffe6.jpg\" alt=\"a lump of coal in the middle of diamons (mohammadali@flicker)\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1440\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u947d\u77f3\u662f\u78b3\u7684\u540c\u7d20\u7570\u5f62\u9ad4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u985e\u767c\u73fe\u70ad\u7070\uff08soot\uff09\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5df2\u4e0d\u53ef\u8003\uff0c\u5148\u4eba\u6975\u65e9\u5c31\u6703\u5229\u7528\u6728\u70ad\uff08wood charcoal\uff09\u751f\u706b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u8ddd\u4eca\u7d04\u4e94\u5341\u842c\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7528\u706b\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\u3002\u7126\u70ad\uff08charcoal\uff09\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u61c9\u8a72\u548c\u667a\u4eba\uff08homo sapiens\uff09\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4e00\u6a23\u9577\u3002\u66f4\u8cbc\u5207\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u70ad\u706b\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c2\u7528\u706b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u904e\u4e00\u842c\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5927\u51b0\u6cb3\u6642\u671f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u8a18\u8f09\u7684\u7126\u70ad\u88fd\u9020\u6b77\u53f2\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u6728\u6750\u5806\u6210\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f62\uff0c\u8986\u4e0a\u9ecf\u571f\u9694\u7d55\u7a7a\u6c23\u5f8c\u7145\u71d2\uff0c\u5c31\u7522\u751f\u7126\u70ad\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u300c\u78b3\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5b57carbon\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u6587\u4e2d\u662fcharbon\uff0c\u90fd\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7684carbonum\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5fb7\u6587\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5b57\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u6e90\u65bc\u7164\u6216\u7126\u70ad\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7164\u70ad\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u662f\u5f9e\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u50e7\u4fb6\u840a\u91cc\u8033\uff08Reinier of Li\u00e8ge\uff09\u66fe\u8a18\u8f09\u7528\u300c\u9ed1\u571f\u300d\u935b\u71d2\u91d1\u5c6c\uff0c\u5230\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6b50\u6d32\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u74e6\u7279\u767c\u660e\u84b8\u6c7d\u6a5f\u5f8c\uff0c\u7164\uff08coal\uff09\u624d\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u3002\u7164\u88fd\u6210\u7684\u7126\u70ad\u591a\u7528\u65bc\u91d1\u5c6c\u51b6\u934a\uff0c\u7149\u92fc \u5ee0\u4ee5\u7164\u7126\u4f5c\u71c3\u6599\u53ca\u9084\u539f\u5291\uff0c\u7164\u71c3\u71d2\u5230800\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u6eab\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u9435\u7926\uff08\u6c27\u5316\u9435\uff09\u9084\u539f\u6210\u91d1\u5c6c\u9435\u30021722\u5e74\u96f7\u6b50\u59c6\uff08Ren\u00e9 A. F. de R\u00e9aumur, 1683-1757\uff09\u8b49\u660e\u7149\u92fc\u662f\u9435\u4e2d\u6ef2\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u5c31\u662f\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u91d1\u525b\u77f3\u6216\u7a31\u947d\u77f3\uff08diamond\uff09\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u4e5f\u812b\u4e0d\u958b\u71c3\u71d2\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u77e5\u9053\u5929\u7136\u947d\u77f3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8d77\u78bc\u4e5f\u6709\u6578\u5343\u5e74\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u76f4\u52301772\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\uff08Antoine Lavoisier\uff09\u8b49\u660e\u6bcf\u514b\u7684\u78b3\u548c\u947d\u77f3\u71c3\u71d2\u7522\u751f\u7b49\u91cf\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u6545\u723e\u78ba\u5b9a\u6602\u8cb4\u7d62\u9e97\u7684\u947d\u77f3\u5c31\u662f\u7d14\u78b3<span style=\"color: #800000;\">\uff08\u7de8\u6309\uff1a\u771f\u662f\u6602\u8cb4\u53c8\u8070\u660e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u77f3\u58a8\uff08graphite\uff09\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\uff0c\u662f\u756b\u6216\u5beb\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u70ba\u77f3\u58a8\u662f\u925b\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u7684\u5e2d\u52d2\uff08Carl Wilhelm Scheele, 1742 -1786\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u77f3\u58a8\u662f\u7d14\u78b3\uff0c1786\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f2f\u812b\u52d2\uff08Claude Louis Berthollet, 1748-1822\uff09\u3001\u5b5f\u8a31\uff08Gaspard Monge\uff09\u53ca\u65fa\u5fb7\u8499\u5730\uff08C. A. Vandermonde\uff09\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u77f3\u58a8\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5efa\u8b70\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u547d\u540d\u70bacarbon\u30021789\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\u5c07\u300c\u78b3\u300d\u7d0d\u5165\u5176\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff08Traite Elementair de Chimie\uff09\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1441 alignleft\" title=\"Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/12\/557px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png\" alt=\"Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon\" width=\"286\" height=\"306\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong>\u3002 \u5716\uff1a\u78b3\u7684\u516b\u7a2e\u540c\u7d20\u7570\u5f62\u9ad4\u2014\u7531a\u5230h\u5206\u5225\u662f\u91d1\u525b\u77f3\uff08\u947d\u77f3\uff09\u3001\u77f3\u58a8\u3001\u85cd\u65af\u9edb\u723e\u77f3\uff08<\/strong><\/span><a title=\"en:Lonsdaleite\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lonsdaleite\"><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Lonsdaleite<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/a><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\uff09\u3001\u5bcc\u6a02\u70ef\u3001\u7121\u5b9a\u5f62\u78b3\u3001\u67f0\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u78b3\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff08isotopes\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u78b3-12\uff0898.93%\uff09\u53ca\u78b3-13\uff081.07%\uff09\uff0c\u78b3-14\u6709\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u6838\u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u653e\u51fa\u03b2\u5c04\u7dda\uff08\u5373\u96fb\u5b50\uff09\u800c\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u534a\u751f\u671f5730\u5e74\u3002\u78b3-14\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u542b\u91cf\u7dad\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u6d3b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u4e2d\u56e0\u70ba\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d\uff0c\u9ad4\u5167\u78b3-14\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u542b\u91cf\u8207\u5730\u8868\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ad4\u5167\u78b3-14\u9010\u6f38\u905e\u6e1b\uff0c\u6e2c\u91cf\u78b3-14\u76f8\u5c0d\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u63a8\u5b9a\u8003\u53e4\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u78b3-14\u5b9a\u5e74\u6cd5\uff08radiocarbon dating\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u6bd4\uff08Willard Frank Libby, 1908\u20131980\uff09\u56e0\u767c\u73fe\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u73721960\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u67ef\u723e\uff08Robert F. Curl Jr., 1933-\uff09\u3001\u514b\u7f85\u6258\uff08Sir Harold W. Kroto, 1939-\uff09\u3001\u53f2\u83ab\u5229\uff08Richard E. Smalley, 1943-2005\uff09\u56e01985\u5e74\u9032\u884c\u4ee5\u9ad8\u80fd\u96f7\u5c04\u7167\u5c04\u77f3\u58a8\u68d2\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe\u78b3\u516d\u5341\uff08C60\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u9810\u6e2c\u78b3\u516d\u5341\u6709\u8db3\u7403\u5f62\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5171\u540c\u5206\u4eab 1996\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u30021991\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u592b\u66fc\uff08Donald Huffman\uff09\u548c\u514b\u96f7\u8a31\u6885\uff08Wolfgang Kr\u00e4tschmer\uff09\u4ee5\u96fb\u5f27\u653e\u96fb\u6cd5\u9ad8\u6eab\u52a0\u71b1\u77f3\u58a8\u68d2\uff0c\u5f9e\u70ad\u7070\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u78b3\u516d\u5341\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u78b3\u7c07\uff08carbon clusters\uff09\u5206\u5b50\u5982C70\u3001C84\u3001C120\u2026\u7b49\uff0c\u7d71\u7a31\u70ba\u5bcc\u6a02\u70ef\uff08fullerenes\uff09\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u78b3\u7684\u540c\u7d20\u7570\u5f62\u9ad4\uff08allotrope\uff09\u5c31\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u77f3\u58a8 \u8207\u947d\u77f3\u3002\u78b3\u516d\u5341\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u500b\u516d\u54e1\u74b0\u8207\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u4e94\u54e1\u74b0\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u5df4\u514b\u7403\uff08Buckyball\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u69cb\u5f62\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u5947\u7279\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u78b3\u516d\u5341\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u725f\u4e2d\u539f\u6559\u6388\u4f9d\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65bc1992\u5e74\u521d\u88fd\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30001991\u5e74\u65e5\u672cNEC\u7684\u98ef\u5cf6\u6f84\u7537\uff08Sumio Ijima\uff09\u4e5f\u7528\u96fb\u5f27\u653e\u96fb\u88fd\u9020C60\uff0c\u5728\u70ad\u7070\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u591a\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5948\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\uff08multi-walled carbon nanotubes\uff0c\u7c21\u5beb\u6210mwnt\uff09\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u98ef\u5cf6\u8207IBM\u7684\u767d\u980c\uff08D. Bethune\uff09\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u55ae\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5948\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\uff08single-walled carbon nanotubes\uff0c\u7c21\u5beb\u6210swnt\uff09\u3002\u9867\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\uff0c\u5948\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u7a7a\u78b3\u7ba1\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u77f3\u58a8\u5c64\u6372\u6210\u7ba1\u5b50\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5948\u7c73\u55ae\u5143\u5efa\u6750\u3002\u65e9\u57281940\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u96fb\u6c23\u7210\u908a\u5c31\u66fe\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u76f4\u5f91\u9054\u6578\u5948\u7c73\u81f3\u6578\u5fae\u7c73\u7684\u7d30\u78b3\u7d72\uff0c\u4f46\u6578\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u7dca\u96a8\u8457\u5948\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5948\u7c73\u79d1\u6280\u6642\u4ee3\u7d42\u80fd\u63ed\u958b\u5e8f\u5e55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>?<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u672c\u6587\u539f\u767c\u8868\u65bc\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=193\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u9ad8\u77bb\u8cc7\u6e90\u8a08\u756b\u5e73\u53f0<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">CASE\u7db2\u8a8c\u5716\u6587\u597d\u8b80\u7248 by MissZoe<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0 \u925b\u7b46\u4e2d\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u3001\u70e4\u8089\u6642\u7684\u6728\u70ad\u3001\u6212\u6307\u4e0a\u7684<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,3293],"tags":[84,2249,85,119],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1439"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1439"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16162,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1439\/revisions\/16162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}