{"id":14336,"date":"2013-10-13T17:33:03","date_gmt":"2013-10-13T09:33:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=14336"},"modified":"2017-07-27T11:08:00","modified_gmt":"2017-07-27T03:08:00","slug":"%e3%80%902013%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e3%80%91%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e7%8d%8e-%e2%94%80%e7%b5%82%e6%96%bc%ef%bc%8c%e4%be%86%e5%88%b0%e4%ba%86%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=14336","title":{"rendered":"\u30102013\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u3011\u7269\u7406\u734e \u2500\u7d42\u65bc\uff0c\u4f86\u5230\u4e86\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_14365\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14365\" style=\"width: 412px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14365 \" title=\"2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e4\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e41.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"412\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e41.jpg 858w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e41-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e41-800x572.jpg 800w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e41-600x429.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14365\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">2012\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\uff0cFran\u00e7ois Englert \u548c Peter Higgs \u90fd\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86CERN \u5ba3\u5e03\u767c\u73fe\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u73fe\u5834\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aCERN\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587 \u2223 \u4faf\u7dad\u6055 (\u81fa\u5927\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6559\u6388)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u25a0\u00a02013\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u65bc10\u67088\u65e5\u5ba3\u5e03\u9812\u7d66\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u5e03\u9b6f\u585e\u723e\u81ea\u7531\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u53f8\u74e6\u2022\u76ce\u683c\u5217 (Fran\u00e7ois Englert) \u8207\u82f1\u570b\u611b\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5f7c\u5f97\u2022\u5e0c\u683c\u65af(Peter Higgs)\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u300c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u6b21\u539f\u5b50\u7c92\u5b50\u8cea\u91cf\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u6700\u8fd1\u88ab\u6b50\u6d32\u6838\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5927\u5f37\u5b50\u5c0d\u649e\u6a5f\u7684ATLAS\u548cCMS\u5be6\u9a57\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u8b49\u5be6\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<p>\u76ce\u683c\u5217\u8207\u5df2\u904e\u4e16\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u7f85\u4f2f\u2022\u5e03\u7e5e\u7279 (Robert Brout\uff0c1928\u20132011)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\uff0c\u57281964\u5e74\u5206\u5225\u63d0\u51fa\u7406\u8ad6\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u50b3\u905e\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u8b8a\u5f97\u6709\u8cea\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u4fbf\u5bb9\u8a31\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u80fd\u8207\u96fb\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u878d\u5408\u70ba\u300c\u96fb\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u300d(1979\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u901a\u7a31\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u52e2\u5fc5\u4ee5BEH\u6a5f\u5236\u70ba\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u7a31\uff1b\u53ef\u60dc\u5e03\u7e5e\u7279\u5df2\u65bc\u5169\u5e74\u524d\u4ed9\u901d\uff0c\u7121\u7de3\u7372\u734e\u3002\u5728\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5f97\u734e\u7406\u7531\u88e1\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u5beb\u51fa\u76ce\u683c\u5217\u8207\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7372\u734e\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u6700\u8fd1\u3001\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u57282012\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u88abCERN\u7684ATLAS\u8207CMS\u5be6\u9a57\u627e\u5230\u3002\u9019\u9846\u7c92\u5b50\u4fbf\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u8fd1\u4f86\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8a73\u7684\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u3001\u4fd7\u7a31\u300c\u795e\u4e4b\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\u3002ATLAS\u8207CMS\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u90fd\u6709\u53c3\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u53f0\u5927\u5718\u968a\u53c3\u52a0\u7684\u662fCMS\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u9019\u9846\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u8aaa\u627e\u4e86\u8fd150\u5e74\uff0c\u53bb\u5e74\u7d42\u65bc\u5728\u7d04126 GeV\/c<sup>2<\/sup>\u3001\u6216\u92ab\u8207\u92c7\u539f\u5b50\u8cea\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u300c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff01\u300d\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u584a\u62fc\u5716\u3002\u800c\u76ce\u683c\u5217\u8207\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u4e5f\u5728\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u4ee580\u53ca84\u9ad8\u9f61\u7d42\u65bc\u7b49\u5230\u4e86\u671f\u5f85\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14360\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14360\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=14360\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-14360\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14360\" title=\"D10_G5V39KK4U.1_FWET_brout.jpg.h170.jpg.280\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/D10_G5V39KK4U.1_FWET_brout.jpg.h170.jpg.280.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/D10_G5V39KK4U.1_FWET_brout.jpg.h170.jpg.280.jpg 400w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/D10_G5V39KK4U.1_FWET_brout.jpg.h170.jpg.280-240x300.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14360\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u7f85\u4f2f\u2022\u5e03\u7e5e\u7279 (Robert Brout\uff0c1928\u20132011)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>1960<\/strong><strong>\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u56f0\u5883<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) \u7684\u300c\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684SU(3)\u8207SU(2)\uff0c\u548cU(1)\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u975e\u963f\u5f0f\u300d(Non-Abelian) \u898f\u7bc4\u7fa4\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6df7\u4e82\u76841960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u96d6\u7136U(1)\u6216\u300c\u963f\u5f0f\u300d\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78QED\u6975\u70ba\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5834\u8ad6\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u537b\u88ab\u61f7\u7591\u662f\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7576\u6642\u9084\u5b50\u865b\u70cf\u6709\u3001\u9023\u5938\u514b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7 \u2026\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\uff0c\u4e00\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u8207\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u62db\u67b6\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u6487\u958b\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5c07\u8996\u91ce\u4fb7\u9650\u5728\u8f03\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u300c\u8f15\u5b50\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8f15\u5b50\u7684\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u4ecd\u8b93\u4eba\u8cbb\u89e3\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u57281961\u5e74\u845b\u62c9\u66c9 (Sheldon Glashow\uff0c1979\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e) \u4fbf\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u96fb\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u505aSU(2) x U(1)\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5be6\u8cea\u9762\u5247\u554f\u984c\u5341\u5206\u56b4\u91cd\u3002\u96fb\u78c1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7c92\u5b50\u3001\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5e36\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7c92\u5b50\u5247\u91cd\u5230\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6709\u6eb4\u539f\u5b50\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8abf\u548c\uff1f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u554f\u984c\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u5f97\u591a\uff1a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u963f\u5f0f\u6216\u975e\u963f\u5f0f\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u4e0d\u8b8a\u6027\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u898f\u7bc4\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u7528\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u7121\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5QED\u6c92\u6709\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u963f\u5f0f\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u91cd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u975e\u963f\u5f0f\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\u5c31\u662f1954\u5e74\u694a\u632f\u5be7\u5148\u751f\u8207\u5bc6\u723e\u65af\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684Yang\u2013Mills\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u898f\u7bc4\u7c92\u5b50\u8cea\u91cf\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9023\u694a\u5148\u751f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u8207<\/strong><strong>BEH<\/strong><strong>\u6a5f\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53d7\u5230\u8d85\u5c0e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u5357\u90e8 (Yoichiro Nambu\uff0c2008\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e) \u57281960\u5e74\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u7c92\u5b50\u8cea\u91cf\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u985e\u6bd4\u8d85\u5c0e\u7684\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f5c\u7528\u7c92\u5b50\u4ee5\u8cea\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u52fe\u5fb7\u77f3\u6771 (Jeffrey Goldstone) \u65cb\u5373\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u7121\u8cea\u91cf\u3001\u7121\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u537b\u6c92\u770b\u5230\u30021962\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee (Philip Anderson\uff0c1977\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e) \u6307\u51fa\u52fe\u5fb7\u77f3\u6771\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u7834\u89e3\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u5ba3\u7a31\u300c\u52fe\u5fb7\u77f3\u6771\u7684\u96f6\u8cea\u91cf\u56f0\u96e3\u4e26\u4e0d\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u694a\u2013\u5bc6\u723e\u65af\u7684\u96f6\u8cea\u91cf\u554f\u984c\u8207\u4e4b\u5c0d\u6d88\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u300c\u6216\u53ef\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5c08\u653b\u7684\u662f\u51dd\u614b\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u50c5\u505a\u4e86\u975e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6027\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8b93\u4ed6\u803f\u803f\u65bc\u61f7\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u5357\u90e8\u4f55\u5617\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u4ed62008\u5e74\u5f97\u734e\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u6a5f\u5236\u554f\u984c\u4ed6\u9084\u8aaa\u300c\u6211\u4ee5\u70ba\u96fb\u6f3f\u8207\u9ea5\u65af\u8076 (Meissner) \u6548\u61c9\u5df2\u7d93\u5c07\u4e4b\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>1964\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u6bd4\u5357\u90e8\u548c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u5e03\u7e5e\u7279\u3001\u76ce\u683c\u5217\u8207\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u90fd\u53ea\u670930\u4f86\u6b72\u3002\u5e03\u7e5e\u7279\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\uff0c\u5c08\u653b\u662f\u7d71\u8a08\u7269\u7406\u3002\u76ce\u683c\u5217\u65bc1959\u5e74\u5230\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u6210\u70ba\u5e03\u7e5e\u7279\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c1961\u5e74\u76ce\u683c\u5217\u8fd4\u56de\u5e03\u9b6f\u585e\u723e\uff0c\u5e03\u7e5e\u7279\u7adf\u5f9e\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u8fad\u8077\uff0c\u8209\u5bb6\u9077\u5230\u5e03\u9b6f\u585e\u723e\u3001\u4e26\u5165\u7c4d\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u4eba\u5341\u5206\u6b23\u8cde\u5357\u90e81960\u5e74\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5c07\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u694a\u2013\u5bc6\u723e\u65af\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u672a\u88ab\u7834\u58de\u7684\u5c0d\u7a31\u5b50\u7fa4\u5176\u898f\u7bc4\u7c92\u5b50\u7dad\u6301\u96f6\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u81ea\u767c\u7834\u58de\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u898f\u7bc4\u7c92\u5b50\u5247\u7372\u5f97\u8cea\u91cf\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u65bc1964\u5e746\u670826\u65e5\u6295\u905e\u5230\u7269\u7406\u56de\u9867\u901a\u8a0a (Physical Review Letters\uff0cPRL)\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u65bc1964\u5e748\u670831\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u4f5c\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u65bc1954\u5e74\u7372\u570b\u738b\u5b78\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u611b\u4e01\u5821\u5f85\u904e\u5169\u5e74\uff0c\u65bc1960\u5e74\u56de\u5230\u611b\u4e01\u5821\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u4ed6\u7576\u6642\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u8077\u8cac\u662f\u5f9e\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u6536\u7d0d\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u767b\u9304\u5f8c\u5c07\u5176\u4e0a\u67b6\u30021964\u5e747\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc76\u6708\u4e2d\u7684PRL\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5ba3\u7a31\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u52fe\u5fb7\u77f3\u6771\u5b9a\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u5fc3\u4e2d\u53cd\u99c1\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\u4e2d\u56e0\u70ba\u8655\u7406\u898f\u7bc4\u4e0d\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9003\u907f\u52fe\u5fb7\u77f3\u6771\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u79ae\u62dc\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u6295\u51fa\u4e00\u7bc7\u5169\u9801\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5230\u7576\u6642\u4ee5CERN\u70ba\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u7269\u7406\u901a\u8a0a (Physics Letters)\uff0c\u65bc9\u6708\u4e2d\u520a\u51fa\u3002\u4f46\u8ad6\u6587\u6295\u51fa\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u660e\u767d\u61c9\u7576\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\uff1a\u5c07\u81ea\u767c\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7834\u58de\u7528\u5728\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684U(1)\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u79ae\u62dc\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6295\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u6c92\u60f3\u5230\u537b\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u537b\u56e0\u798d\u5f97\u798f\u3002\u4ed6\u5c07\u8ad6\u6587\u64f4\u5145\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u6709\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u6709\u65b0\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u57288\u670831\u65e5\u6295\u905e\u5230PRL\uff0c\u65bc10\u670819\u65e5\u767c\u8868\u3002\u9019\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7531\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u7d44\u4eba\u505a\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u7d44\u662f\u7576\u6642\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u738b\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u7f8e\u3001\u82f1\u5b78\u8005\uff0c10\u670819\u65e5\u6295\u7a3f\u300111\u670816\u65e5\u767c\u8868\u5728PRL\u3002\u5728\u8607\u806f\u4e5f\u6709\u5169\u4f4d\u8cc7\u512a\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u5f97\u5230\u985e\u4f3c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5e2b\u9577\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u52301965\u5e7411\u6708\u624d\u7372\u51c6\u6295\u905e\u671f\u520a\u3002\u60f3\u5fc5\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u7684\u5f8c\u7e7c\u8005\u773e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5e03\u7e5e\u7279\u5df2\u901d\uff0c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88dc\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=14341\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-14341\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14341 alignnone\" title=\"2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"382\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e.jpg 637w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e-300x241.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e-600x483.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/><\/a> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14342 alignnone\" style=\"color: #0000ee;\" title=\"2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e2\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e2.bmp\" alt=\"\" width=\"364\" height=\"308\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u767c\u73fe\u795e\u4e4b\u7c92\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1967\u5e74\uff0c\u6eab\u4f2f\u683c (Steven Weinberg) \u8207\u85a9\u862d\u59c6 (Abdus Salam) \u5206\u5225\u5c07 BEH\u6a5f\u5236\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u845b\u62c9\u66c9\u7684SU(2) x U(1) \u7d71\u4e00\u5834\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e00\u6642\u537b\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u7ffb\u8f49\u5929\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u5230\u4e861970\u5e74\u62d3\u5f17\u7279 (Gerard \u2019t Hooft) \u8207\u7dad\u723e\u7279\u66fc (Martin Veltman) \u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u975e\u963f\u5f0f\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u6574\u6027 (1999\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e)\u3001\u6578\u5e74\u5f8c\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u963f\u5f0f\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\u7684\u7a81\u7834 (2004\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e09\u4ee3\u5938\u514b\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8207\u9a57\u8b49 (2008\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e)\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u7d42\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u95dc\u5207\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u9a57\u8b49\u3002\u845b\u62c9\u66c9\u3001\u6eab\u4f2f\u683c\u8207\u85a9\u862d\u59c6\u5247\u56e01978\u5e74\u53f2\u4e39\u798f\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u9a57\u8b49\u800c\u73721979\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7c92\u5b50\uff1f\u9019\u53ef\u662f\u51fa\u81ea1988\u5e74\u7269\u7406\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u96f7\u5fb7\u66fc (Leon Lederman) \u7684\u624b\u7b46\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u57281983\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u8208\u5efa\u5468\u957784\u516c\u91cc\u3001\u8cea\u5fc3\u80fd\u91cf40 TeV\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u8d85\u80fd\u5c0d\u649e\u6a5fSSC\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u5c0b\u627e\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u96f7\u5fb7\u66fc\u662f\u63a8\u624b\u3002\u4ed6\u57281993\u5e74\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u66f8\uff0c\u8a7c\u8ae7\u7684\u4ed6\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u8aaa\u300c\u70ba\u4f55\u53eb\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7c92\u5b50\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u56e0\u70ba\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u4e0d\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u53eb\u5b83\u300e\u795e\u8b74\u7c92\u5b50\u300f(Goddamn particle)\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u58de\u86cb\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u82b1\u8cbb\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7a31\u547c\u5be6\u4e0d\u70ba\u904e \u2026\u300d\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u51fa\u66f8\u672a\u4e45\uff0c\u5728\u8017\u8cbb\u5341\u5e7420\u5104\u7f8e\u91d1\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u628aSSC\u8a08\u756b\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\uff0c\u62f1\u624b\u5c07\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6b0a\u8b93\u7d66\u6b50\u6d32\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14345\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14345\" style=\"width: 515px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=14345\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-14345\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14345\" title=\"2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e3\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e3.jpg 515w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/2013\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e3-300x174.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14345\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90: Maximilien Brice, Copyright \u00a9 CERN 2008\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u6b50\u6d32\u6838\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3CERN\u57281994\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u901a\u904e\u5927\u5f37\u5b50\u5c0d\u649e\u6a5fLHC\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u57282000\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u958b\u59cb\u572827\u516c\u91cc\u5468\u9577\u7684\u96a7\u9053\u4e2d\u8208\u5efa\u3002\u96d6\u65bc2008\u5e74\u521d\u6b21\u904b\u8f49\u5931\u5229\uff0c\u4f462010\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u904b\u8f49\u51fa\u5947\u7684\u597d\uff0c2011\u5e7412\u6708\u5df2\u73fe\u5fb5\u5146\uff0c\u65bc2012\u5e747\u67084\u65e5ATLAS\u8207CMS\u5be6\u9a57\u5171\u540c\u5ba3\u5e03\u767c\u73fe\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u63d0\u540d\u671f\u9650\u5927\u6982\u5df2\u904e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u7b49\u5230\u4eca\u5e74\u3002\u800c\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u8ff01999\u20132004\u20132008\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5e8f\u5217\u5916\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u6709\u5169\u500b\u86db\u7d72\u99ac\u8de1\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5f97\u734e\u4e4b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5148\u662f\u57283\u6708\u4efd\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5c71\u88e1\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u51ac\u5b63Moriond\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u5ba3\u7a31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u300c\u4f3c\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\u800c\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u300d\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50 (\u4ea6\u5373\u9084\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u66f4\u591a)\u3002\u6211\u63a8\u60f3\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u78ba\u5b9a\u5c07\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u63a8\u5165\u5e74\u5ea6\u77ed\u540d\u55ae\u3002\u800c\u5169\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u5927\u6703\uff0c\u4eca\u5e747\u6708\u6070\u597d\u5728\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u723e\u6469\u8209\u884c\uff0c\u6703\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u5834\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7684\u7279\u5225\u56de\u9867\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u8b1b\u5b8c\u5f8c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u58eb\u81ea\u807d\u773e\u5e2d\u7279\u5225\u767c\u8a00\u8b9a\u8cde\u3002\u6211\u5750\u5f97\u592a\u9060\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u662f10\u67088\u65e5\u7d66\u5831\u544a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7279\u5730\u5728\u5f97\u734e\u7406\u7531\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f37\u8abf\u7406\u8ad6\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6307\u540d\u6240\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u88abATLAS\u8207CMS\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u73fe\u800c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9a57\u8b49\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7279\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7ad9\u5728\u5927\u5927\u7684CMS\u5be6\u9a57 (\u53f0\u5927\u6240\u53c3\u8207) \u4e2d\u9593\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d50\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">[\u5f8c\u8a18]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u57282012\u5e7412\u6708\u66fe\u9080\u8acbCMS\u524d\u767c\u8a00\u4eba\u6258\u5167\u5229 (Guido Tonelli) \u4f5c\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u4eca\u5e749\u6708\u53c8\u525b\u9080\u8acb\u7f8e\u570b\u6587\u7406\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u6751\u5c71\u9f50\u4f5c\u300c\u795e\u4e4b\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5462?\u300d\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7686\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6587\u53e3\u8b6f\u3002\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ef\u89c0\u8cde\u4e0b\u5217\u5ef6\u4f38\u5f71\u97f3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u3010\u8207\u5927\u5e2b\u6709\u7d04\u79d1\u666e\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3011\u767c\u73fe\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50: \u5728\u5927\u5f37\u5b50\u5c0d\u649e\u6a5f\u56de\u6eaf\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8d77\u6e90 \/ Guido Tonelli \u6559\u6388<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hu24Ic8eLhk\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u3010\u8207\u5927\u5e2b\u6709\u7d04\u79d1\u666e\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3011\u795e\u4e4b\u7c92\u5b50, \u7136\u5f8c\u5462\/ \u00a0Hitoshi Murayama<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bnXcs6NpC0k\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<strong>\u25cf \u7279\u5225\u611f\u8b1d\u4faf\u7dad\u6055\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b64\u6587\u7a3f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f Vita Chen<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u64b0\u6587 \u2223 \u4faf\u7dad\u6055 (\u81fa\u5927\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6559\u6388) 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