{"id":13729,"date":"2013-07-29T11:50:50","date_gmt":"2013-07-29T03:50:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=13729"},"modified":"2017-08-01T21:37:27","modified_gmt":"2017-08-01T13:37:27","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%e3%80%91%e7%89%a9%e7%a8%ae%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%e9%80%9f%e5%ba%a6%e4%b8%8d%e6%95%b5%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e7%9a%84%e6%80%a5%e5%8a%87%e8%ae%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=13729","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u3011\u7269\u7a2e\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u6575\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6025\u5287\u8b8a\u9077"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u25a0 \u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4efd\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u4e0d\u50c5\u8d85\u904e\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51cc\u99d5\u6578\u5343\u500d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13730\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13730\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=13730\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13730\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13730\" title=\"picture\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/picture.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/picture.jpg 594w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/picture-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13730\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><b>\u5927\u96e3\u81e8\u982d\uff1f<\/b>\u3000\u7d22\u5c71\u738b\u86c7\uff08\u5716\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8c79\u86d9\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u9810\u4f30\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u842c\u500d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u6eab\u65af\uff08John Wiens\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u7de8\u8b6f<\/strong>\uff5c\u6c6a\u8283<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u5c07\u8b93\u5168\u7403\u751f\u7269\u9677\u5165\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f\u5371\u6a5f\u7a76\u7adf\u6703\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u5728\u516d\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u842c\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5287\u70c8\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9020\u6210\u5168\u7403\u534a\u6578\u7269\u7a2e\u6ec5\u7d55\uff0c\u7a31\u9738\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u6050\u9f8d\u5982\u4eca\u66f4\u6dea\u843d\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u9577\u8457\u7fbd\u6bdb\u3001\u7dca\u5f35\u516e\u516e\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u9023\u5728\u9935\u9ce5\u5668\u4e0a\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u677e\u9f20\u9738\u51cc\u5462\u3002\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4efd\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u4e0d\u50c5\u8d85\u904e\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51cc\u99d5\u6578\u5343\u500d\uff1b\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u672a\u4f30\u8a08\u6ec5\u7d55\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5730\u7403\u7684\u751f\u614b\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u78ba\u5be6\u524d\u666f\u582a\u6182\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u6eab\u5ea6\u5171\u4e0a\u5347\u651d\u6c0f0.6\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u64da\u6c23\u5019\u9810\u6e2c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u7d50\u675f\u524d\u9084\u5c07\u5347\u6eab4\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u662f\u4e9e\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5927\u5b78\uff08University of Arizona\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u6eab\u65af\uff08John Wiens\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u53c3\u8003\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u9069\u61c9\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u63a8\u4f30\u76ee\u524d\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u8ddf\u4e0d\u8ddf\u5f97\u4e0a\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u3002\u300d\u6eab\u65af\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u8b5c\u6a39\u9802\u7aef\u7684\u65b0\u679d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u5169\u500b\u4ecd\u6d3b\u8e8d\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f88\u8fd1\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f30\u7b97\u51fa\u5169\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u5927\u7d04\u5728\u4f55\u6642\u5206\u679d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u5169\u7269\u7a2e\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u80fd\u904b\u7528\u6f14\u5316\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f30\u7b97\u51fa\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u68f2\u606f\u5730\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u548c\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u3002\u6eab\u65af\u5728\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u751f\u4f0a\u683c\u7d0d\u4fee\uff0e\u6606\u6cf0\u6d1b\uff08Ignacio Quintero\uff09\u7684\u5354\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07540\u7a2e\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u5206\u621017\u7d44\u9032\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u722c\u87f2\u985e\u3001\u5169\u68f2\u985e\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\uff0c\u591a\u662f\u5317\u7f8e\u53ca\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u539f\u751f\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u6b50\u6d32\u3001\u4e9e\u6d32\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u54c1\u7a2e\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u5229\u7528\u5168\u7403\u6c23\u5019\u6a21\u578b\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u6bcf\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u68f2\u5730\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d50\u679c\u96d6\u7136\u5404\u5730\u6c23\u5019\u3001\u6bcf\u500b\u54c1\u7a2e\u7684\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u537b\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5728\u901917\u7d44\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u670915\u7d44\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9069\u61c9\u901f\u5ea6\u4f4e\u65bc\u6bcf\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u5e74\u651d\u6c0f1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b2\u7d44\u9069\u61c9\u901f\u5ea6\u7a0d\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u5230\u6bcf\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u651d\u6c0f2\u5ea6\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u7a2e\u86d9\u985e\u9069\u5408\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u539f\u672c\u5728\u79cb\u5b63\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5728\u9069\u61c9\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u5728\u4e5d\u6708\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u6708\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u672c\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u86d9\u5375\u70ba\u98df\u7684\u8725\u8734\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u6539\u8b8a\u98df\u7269\u4f86\u6e90\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6bd4\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u897f\u5143\u4e8c\u4e00\u25cb\u25cb\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7a2e\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6574\u6574\u6bd4\u6c23\u6eab\u8b8a\u5316\u6162\u4e0a\u4e00\u5230\u5341\u842c\u500d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5229\u7528\u9810\u4f30\u7684\u5730\u5340\u964d\u96e8\u589e\u6e1b\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u5c0d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u7269\u7a2e\u5c0d\u96e8\u91cf\u589e\u6e1b\u8da8\u52e2\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u6162\u4e86\u4e00\u5230\u5341\u842c\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u7269\u9069\u61c9\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u592a\u6162\u78ba\u5be6\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6ec5\u7d55\u3002\u52d5\u7269\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u9077\u5f99\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u68f2\u5730\u7834\u58de\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7a2e\u90fd\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u843d\u8173\u5730\u3002\u597d\u6bd4\u82e5\u67d0\u7a2e\u56d3\u9f52\u52d5\u7269\u4f4f\u5728\u5c71\u5340\uff0c\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6c23\u5019\u6696\u5316\u6f38\u6f38\u5f80\u9ad8\u8655\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6c23\u6eab\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u8a72\u54c1\u7a2e\u5df2\u88ab\u903c\u81f3\u6d77\u62d4\u6700\u9ad8\u8655\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4f9d\u7136\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u8def\u53ef\u9000\u800c\u6ec5\u7d55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u8b93\u6eab\u65af\u5f88\u9a5a\u8a1d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6578\u64da\u986f\u793a\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u7a2e\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u5e74\u624d\u80fd\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u52301\u5ea6\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u537b\u5f97\u5728\u4e8c\u4e00\u25cb\u25cb\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u9069\u61c9\u9ad8\u90544\u5ea6\u7684\u5347\u6eab\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u760b\u5b50\u624d\u6703\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u6f14\u5316\u5f97\u6bd4\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u767e\u842c\u5e74\u9084\u591a\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u6eab\u65af\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5c07\u767c\u8868\u5728\u516b\u6708\u865f\u7684\u300a\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u901a\u8a0a\u300b\uff08<em>Ecology Letters<\/em>\uff09\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u53ea\u7814\u7a76\u6578\u767e\u500b\u54c1\u7a2e\uff0c\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8d85\u904e\u6578\u767e\u842c\u7a2e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u9810\u6e2c\u6ec5\u7d55\u7387\u3002\u300c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u53d6\u6a23\u7684\u5e7e\u767e\u7a2e\u52d5\u7269\u63a8\u4f30\uff0c\u6ec5\u7d55\u7387\u5927\u6982\u662f50%\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5957\u7528\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u53c3\u8207\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u8005\u9081\u514b\uff0e\u5510\u8afe\u4fee\uff08Michael Donoghue\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u8a31\u591a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u300d\u7136\u800c\u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u9069\u61c9\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u9060\u9ad8\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u9810\u671f\u3002\u5510\u8afe\u4fee\u4e5f\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u300c\u6703\u6709\u4eba\u8aaa\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u5f97\u6162\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u6162\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e5f\u5408\u7406\u3002\u300d\u5510\u8afe\u4fee\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u529b\u6975\u9ad8\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u9054\u723e\u6587\u96c0\uff08Gal\u00e1pagos finches\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u96c0\u5c6c\u3001\u9daf\u96c0\u5c6c\u3001\u6a39\u96c0\u5c6c\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4efd\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u539f\u751f\u7684\u5730\u96c0\uff08ground finch\uff09\u9077\u5f99\u5230\u52a0\u62c9\u5df4\u54e5\u7fa4\u5cf6\uff08Gal\u00e1pagos 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Buckley\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6eab\u65af\u5718\u968a\u932f\u5c07\u67d0\u5e74\u4ee3\u70ba\u4e8c\u5341\u842c\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6709\u5c3e\u76ee\u751f\u7269\u932f\u4f30\u70ba\u5169\u767e\u842c\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u8aa4\u5dee\u5341\u500d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u8a72\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u5176\u5be6\u6bd4\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u6162\u5169\u842c\u500d\u800c\u975e\u4e8c\u5341\u842c\u500d\uff1b\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u932f\u8aa4\u4f86\u6e90\u96d6\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f71\u97ff\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u4ea6\u5373\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u4f9d\u7136\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u5df4\u514b\u5229\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6eab\u65af\u5718\u968a\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u5f88\u7a69\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u5b8c\u5168\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u5f9e\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c97\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u78ba\u5be6\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u4f30\u8a08\u503c\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>--<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u5831\u5c0e\u51fa\u8655\uff1a<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/news.sciencemag.org\/evolution\/2013\/07\/species-not-evolving-fast-enough-cope-changing-world\">Species Not Evolving Fast Enough to Cope With a Changing World\uff08Science\uff09<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aNita Hsu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0 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