{"id":13546,"date":"2013-06-21T11:59:16","date_gmt":"2013-06-21T03:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=13546"},"modified":"2017-08-01T21:40:42","modified_gmt":"2017-08-01T13:40:42","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e4%b9%9d%e3%80%91%e6%9a%a2%e8%a1%8c%e7%84%a1%e9%98%bb%ef%bc%9a%e8%b6%85%e5%b0%8e%e8%88%87%e8%b6%85%e6%b5%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=13546","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d22\u4e5d\u3011\u66a2\u884c\u7121\u963b\uff1a\u8d85\u5c0e\u8207\u8d85\u6d41"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u7b2c\u516d\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u25a0 \u5c0e\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u96fb\u6d41\u66a2\u901a\u7121\u963b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6297\u8861\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u5c0e\uff1b\u6db2\u9ad4\u6d41\u52d5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c38\u4e0d\u6b62\u606f\u751a\u81f3\u7a7f\u7246\u904e\u58c1\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13555\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13555\" style=\"width: 645px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=13555\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13555\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13555\" title=\"IMG_5039\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_5039.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"645\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_5039.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_5039-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_5039-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_5039-800x534.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13555\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4f4e\u6eab\u53c8\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u672a\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2\u8001\u5e2b\u5e36\u9818\u6211\u5011\u9032\u5165\u6700\u5bd2\u51b7\u53c8\u6700\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u64b0\u6587<\/strong>\u2502\u5f35\u601d\u9060<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u5fc3\u683d\u82b1\u8207\u7121\u610f\u63d2\u67f3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u5927\u6c23\u58d3\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u6c34\u6eab\u5347\u5230\u651d\u6c0f100\u5ea6\uff0c\u6c34\u5c31\u6703\u6cb8\u9a30\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8b93\u6db2\u614b\u6c26\u6cb8\u9a30\u5c31\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u651d\u6c0f\u96f6\u4e0b269.15\u5ea6\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u964d\u6eab\u81f3\u651d\u6c0f\u96f6\u4e0b269.15\u5ea6\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u628a\u6c26\u6c23\u6db2\u5316\u70ba\u6db2\u614b\u6c26\uff0c\u6db2\u614b\u6c26\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Onnes\u6240\u88fd\u5f97\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u8aaa\u7684\u5bb9\u6613\u505a\u7684\u96e3\uff0c\u8a66\u60f3\u50cf\u7f6e\u8eab\u65bc\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6280\u8853\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6392\u9664\u842c\u96e3\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u7d55\u5c0d\u96f6\u5ea6(\u651d\u6c0f\u96f6\u4e0b273.15\u5ea6)\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u6b8a\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\uff0cOnnes\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u73fe\u8655\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6975\u4f4e\u6eab\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c34\u9280\u7684\u96fb\u963b\u5c31\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u628a\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u7a31\u70ba\u8d85\u5c0e\u6027\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u6db2\u614b\u6c26\u4e0d\u65b7\u51b7\u537b\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6cb8\u9a30\u6703\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7531Onnes\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u4f0f\u7b46\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u904e20\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Pyotr Kapitsa\u3001J.F. Allen\u548cDon Misener\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u6c34\u3001\u9152\u9084\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u5012\u5728\u676f\u88e1\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u518d\u600e\u9ebc\u4f7f\u52c1\u652a\u62cc\uff0c\u676f\u4e2d\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u518d\u662f\u6d36\u6e67\u6f8e\u6e43\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u90fd\u6703\u56de\u5fa9\u975c\u6b62\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u985b\u8986\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b63\u5e38\u4e0d\u904e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u6c92\u6709\u7c98\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u652a\u62cc\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u6c38\u4e0d\u6b62\u606f\u7684\u6ce2\u6fe4\u6d36\u6e67\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u540c\u6a23\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u80fd\u5920\u901a\u904e\u7d30\u5c0f\u7684\u7e2b\u9699\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u73bb\u7483\u9676\u74f7\u6750\u8cea\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7121\u6cd5\u963b\u64cb\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u6ef2\u6f0f\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u7121\u9650\u5927\u7684\u71b1\u50b3\u5c0e\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c0d\u5bb9\u5668\u5167\u7684\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u52a0\u6eab\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6eab\u5dee\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u7dad\u6301\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5247\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u6703\u5f9e\u5bb9\u5668\u51fa\u53e3\u8655\u6e67\u51fa\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5674\u6cc9\u6548\u61c9(Fountain effect)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u7684\u96f6\u96fb\u963b\u8207\u6297\u78c1\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u6eab\u4e0b\u5c0e\u9ad4\u7684\u5c0e\u96fb\u6027\u518d\u597d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u662f\u96fb\u963b\u76f8\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u56fa\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u96f6\u96fb\u963b\u7684\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u5e73\u767d\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u672c\u8eab\u54c1\u8cea\u7d14\u6b63\u4e0d\u542b\u96dc\u8cea\u7684\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8af8\u5982\u6db2\u614b\u6c26\u7684\u51b7\u537b\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u628a\u6eab\u5ea6\u964d\u81f3\u7279\u5b9a\u6eab\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u8d85\u5c0e\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u96fb\u5b50\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u8d85\u5c0e\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5230\u9054\u7d55\u5c0d\u96f6\u5ea6\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u96fb\u5b50\u90fd\u6703\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u8d85\u5c0e\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u74b0\u72c0\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u901a\u96fb\uff0c\u96fb\u6d41\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u66a2\u884c\u7121\u963b\uff0c\u6c38\u4e0d\u8017\u7aed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u7684\u96fb\u963b\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u4f46\u96fb\u963b\u70ba\u96f6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5c0e\u9ad4\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Meissner\u548cOchsebfekd\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5c0d\u8655\u65bc\u5f31\u78c1\u5834\u4e0b\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u51b7\u537b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5c0d\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u7531\u958b\u653e\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u6297\u62d2\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u4ee5\u8d85\u5c0e\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4f5c\u70ba\u5206\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u9081\u65af\u7d0d\u6548\u61c9(Meissner effect)\uff0c\u78c1\u6d6e\u5217\u8eca\u4ee5\u53ca\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u5c31\u662f\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5c0d\u78c1\u5834\u5247\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7d42\u90fd\u662f\u6301\u958b\u653e\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f86\u8005\u4e0d\u62d2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u7684\u6709\u7121\u5340\u5206\u4e86\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8207\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5c0e\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6F.London\u3001H.London\u5144\u5f1f\u63d0\u51fa\u502b\u6566\u65b9\u7a0b(The London Theory)\u7528\u4f86\u8a6e\u91cb\u9081\u65af\u7d0d\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u78c1\u5834\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8868\u9762\u7531\u65bc\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u7522\u751f\u611f\u61c9\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u7531\u9019\u500b\u96fb\u6d41\u6240\u751f\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u5f37\u5ea6\u6070\u597d\u62b5\u92b7\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9ad4\u5167\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6297\u78c1\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u5b8c\u7f8e\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u525b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u78c1\u5834\u5360\u4e0a\u98a8\uff0c\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u6703\u88ab\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7a7f\u900f\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u628a\u78c1\u5834\u9a45\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8655\u65bc\u8d85\u5c0e\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u65bd\u4ee5\u5f37\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u7684\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5916\u754c\u78c1\u5834\u904e\u5927\u800c\u89e3\u9664\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\uff0c\u56de\u5fa9\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u614b\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u88ab\u78c1\u5834\u7a7f\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\u89e3\u9664\u56de\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u614b\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u7dad\u6301\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u6b63\u5e38\u614b\u8207\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\u4e26\u5b58\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u5169\u500b\u81e8\u754c\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u81e8\u754c\u78c1\u5834\u88ab\u7a81\u7834\u5f8c\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u81e8\u754c\u78c1\u5834\u5b88\u95dc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\u4e0d\u81f4\u65bc\u5b8c\u5168\u6dea\u9677\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Ginzburg\u548cLandau\u4ee5\u78c1\u5834\u7a7f\u900f\u6df1\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d85\u5c0e\u76f8\u5e72\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u4f86\u5340\u5225\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6df1\u5ea6\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u9577\u5ea6\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9577\u5ea6\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5247\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5df2\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u5143\u7d20\u5c6c\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u92c1\u3001\u925b\u3001\u932b\u7b49\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u5143\u7d20\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u591a\u898b\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u5408\u91d1\u6216\u8005\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u7576\u78c1\u5834\u8db3\u5920\u5927\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e2d\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u56de\u5fa9\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u614b\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u66f4\u5f37\u7684\u78c1\u901a\u91cf\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5fae\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u73fe\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u5b8f\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u8d85\u5c0e\u73fe\u8c61\u5728\u5fae\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\uff1f\u540c\u4e00\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c\u8cea\u91cf\u8d8a\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6240\u5c0d\u61c9\u8d85\u5c0e\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u5c0e\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u767c\u73fe\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e36\u4f86\u555f\u767c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u96fb\u5b50\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5e36\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u96fb\u5b50\u6703\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7a31\u70ba\u5eab\u4f96\u529b\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u53ad\u60e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u5438\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6John Bardeen\u3001Leon Cooper\u53caJohn Schrieffer\u63d0\u51faBCS\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a66\u60f3\u50cf\u7531\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u4e5d\u5bae\u683c\u7684\u6676\u683c\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e5d\u5bae\u683c\u7684\u4ea4\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u9846\u9846\u5c0e\u9ad4\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u96fb\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u6676\u683c\u7d50\u69cb\u6642\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u570d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5eab\u4f96\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u88ab\u96fb\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u8cea\u91cf\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u56db\u5169\u64a5\u5343\u65a4\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u4f46\u8b93\u56db\u5468\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7a0d\u70ba\u5f80\u4e2d\u9593\u9760\u650f\u9084\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5f80\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9760\u650f\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u8f03\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u6676\u683c\u7d50\u69cb\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u4e0b\u4e00\u9846\u9032\u5165\u6676\u683c\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u6676\u683c\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u8b8a\u5f62\u7684\u6676\u683c\u5438\u5f15\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6676\u683c\u50b3\u529b\uff0c\u52d5\u91cf\u8207\u81ea\u65cb\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5169\u5169\u4e4b\u9593\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5fae\u5c0f\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\u800c\u7d50\u5408\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u5c0d\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5eab\u67cf\u5c0d(Cooper pair)\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5438\u5f15\u7562\u7adf\u4e0d\u662f\u5e38\u614b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8d85\u5c0e\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6676\u683c\u632f\u52d5\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u767d\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u6676\u683c\u4e2d\u904b\u52d5\u96e3\u514d\u6709\u6240\u640d\u8017\uff0c\u4f46\u5eab\u67cf\u5c0d\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u66a2\u884c\u7121\u963b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8d85\u5c0e\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u822c\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8207\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5206\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u5f15\u529b\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u6676\u683c\u50b3\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7d50\u6210\u5eab\u67cf\u5c0d\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5f62\u5f71\u4e0d\u96e2\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u9593\u5f80\u5f80\u8ddd\u96e2\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u6676\u683c\uff0c\u8cea\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u8f03\u96e3\u53d7\u727d\u5f15\uff0c\u53d7\u727d\u5f15\u5f8c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u56de\u5fa9\uff0c\u8cea\u91cf\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u60c5\u5f62\u525b\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u9ad4\u6eab\u5f88\u9ad8\u800c\u4e14\u7cbe\u529b\u65fa\u76db\uff0c\u626d\u66f2\u5230\u56de\u5fa9\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6676\u683c\u632f\u52d5\u8d8a\u5287\u70c8\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8e81\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u964d\u5230\u592a\u4f4e\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u9032\u5165\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u8cea\u91cf\u8207\u8d85\u5c0e\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5169\u584a\u4e00\u822c\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u4ee5\u8584\u7d55\u7de3\u6750\u6599\u9694\u958b\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u4ecd\u80fd\u7a7f\u7246\u904e\u58c1\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u65e9\u6709\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Josephson\u63d0\u51fa\u7d04\u745f\u82ac\u6548\u61c9(Josephson Effect)\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u63db\u6210\u5eab\u67cf\u5c0d\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u4e09\u660e\u6cbb\u5f0f\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u63db\u6210\u662f\u5169\u584a\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u4ee5\u8584\u7d55\u7de3\u58c1\u9694\u958b\u7684\u5f31\u9023\u7d50\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u5eab\u67cf\u5c0d\u80fd\u5920\u7a7f\u904e\u7d55\u7de3\u58c1\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u908a\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5230\u9054\u53e6\u4e00\u908a\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u4e0a\u7a7f\u96a7\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u96fb\u58d3\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u76f4\u6d41\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u96fb\u6d41\u6301\u7e8c\u5c0f\u65bc\u7d04\u745f\u592b\u81e8\u754c\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u96fb\u58d3\u6703\u59cb\u7d42\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u7d04\u745f\u592b\u81e8\u754c\u96fb\u6d41\u5c0d\u78c1\u5834\u5341\u5206\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7279\u6027\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u6e2c\u91cf\u78c1\u5834\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u8d85\u5c0e\u91cf\u5b50\u5e72\u6d89\u5100(Superconducting Quantum Interference Device\uff0cSQUID)\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u6b64\u800c\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6e2c\u91cf\u5100\u5668\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u96fb\u58d3\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u96fb\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u65b7\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u9ad8\u6eab\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u6982\u6bcf\u9694\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u6eab\u8d85\u5c0e\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u90fd\u904e\u4f4e\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u6700\u5148\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u6c34\u9280\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8981\u9054\u5230\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\u9700\u8981\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u7d55\u5c0d\u96f6\u5ea6\u7684\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u66a2\u901a\u7121\u963b\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u537b\u5bf8\u6b65\u96e3\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8d85\u5c0e\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6eab\u4f86\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u884c\u7a81\u7834\uff0c1986\u5e74\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Mueller\u548cBednorz\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u6eab\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u92c7\u946d\u9285\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u8d85\u5c0e\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f80\u9ad8\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u300c\u9ad8\u6eab\u300d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u51b0\u9ede\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u6015\u53ea\u662f\u9ad8\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6295\u5165\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u90fd\u6703\u5411\u524d\u9081\u9032\u4e00\u5927\u6b65\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u9ad8\u6eab\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u7136\u8655\u65bc\u6478\u7d22\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u653e\u8af8\u56db\u6d77\u7686\u6e96\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u6eab\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u81ea\u767c\u73fe\u81f3\u4eca\u4e0d\u904e\u4e8c\u5341\u9918\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u584a\u512a\u826f\u7684\u672a\u58be\u5730\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7406\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6c89\u7761\u6750\u6599\u7b49\u5f85\u88ab\u559a\u9192\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u7b49\u5f85\u8457\u5f8c\u5b78\u4f86\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u70ba\u4f4e\u6eab\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5beb\u4e0a\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>--<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #333333;\"> \u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1a102\/05\/25\u4e0b\u5348\u7531\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2\u6559\u6388\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u61c9\u529b\u6240\u570b\u969b\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u6240\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4e4b\u300c\u66a2\u884c\u7121\u963b\uff1a\u8d85\u5c0e\u8207\u8d85\u6d41\u300d\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9<\/span><\/pre>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #333333;\"> \u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a\u53f0\u5927\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63a2\u7d22\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea72013\u5e7405\u670825\u65e5\u7b2c\u516d\u8b1b\u3008\u66a2\u884c\u7121\u963b\uff1a\u8d85\u5c0e\u8207\u8d85\u6d41\u3009<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/CASTUDIO\/course.php?speech_ID=3303#video_top\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u5168\u7a0b\u5f71\u97f3<\/span><\/a><\/pre>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aNita Hsu<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u516d\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f \u25a0 \u5c0e\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u96fb\u6d41\u66a2\u901a\u7121\u963b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":13555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,885],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_5039.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13546"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13546"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29154,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13546\/revisions\/29154"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}