{"id":13246,"date":"2013-05-15T09:01:18","date_gmt":"2013-05-15T01:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=13246"},"modified":"2017-08-01T21:45:44","modified_gmt":"2017-08-01T13:45:44","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e4%b9%9d%e3%80%91%e6%af%94%e7%9b%b8%e5%b0%8d%e8%ab%96%e6%9b%b4%e5%a5%87%e6%80%aa%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=13246","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d22\u4e5d\u3011\u6bd4\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u66f4\u5947\u602a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u4e09\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u25a0 \u9ad8\u6d8c\u6cc9\u8001\u5e2b\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c850\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u8d77\u6b7b\u56de\u751f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u9084\u597d\u55ce\uff1f\u300d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u9ad8\u6d8c\u6cc9\u6559\u6388\u9f13\u52f5\u5728\u5ea7\u6709\u5fd7\u9752\u5e74\u5011\uff0c\u300c\u8981\u6311\u6230\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u6211\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u5011\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u300d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587<\/strong>\u2502\u90ed\u51a0\u5ef7
\n\u651d\u5f71<\/strong>\u2502\u8d99\u63da\u5149<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u6563\u5c04\uff08<\/strong>Compton Scattering<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\uff081892-1962\uff0cArthur Holly Compton\uff09<\/a>\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u6563\u5c04\u5be6\u9a57<\/a>\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u628a\u5149\u649e\u64ca\u5230\u96fb\u5b50\uff08\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\uff09\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5149\u6703\u4ee5\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u5f48\u5c04\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u300d[1]<\/a>\u800c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u300c\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u5f48\u5c04\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u300d\u7528\u4ee5\u8b49\u5be6\u5149\u5b50\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u4e5f\u6709\u52d5\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u9ad4\u78b0\u649e\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5229\u7528\u300c\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u52d5\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u300d\uff0c\u53bb\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u4f86\u96a8\u8457\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5169\u7c92\u5b50\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8207\u52d5\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5be6\u9a57\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u57281922\u5e74\u5e95\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c1927\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002\u300c\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u5047\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u666e\u6717\u514b\u672c\u4eba\u90fd\u62d2\u7d55\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5be6\u9a57\u6aa2\u9a57\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u5bc6\u7acb\u574e\u4e5f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5c0d\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u80cc\u5f8c\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u300f\u300d\u9019\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u5be6\u300c\u5149\u5b50\u300d\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u66f4\u6709\u52d5\u91cf\uff0c\u5149\u5b50\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u78ba\u7acb\u3002\u300c\u4eba\u5011\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u63a5\u53d7\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u96d9\u72f9\u7e2b\u5e72\u6d89\u5be6\u9a57<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9019\u662f\u8cbb\u66fc\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u60f3\u50cf\u5be6\u9a57\u300d\uff0c\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u9019\u5be6\u9a57\u9084\u672a\u81fb\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u6e90\uff0c\u50cf\u6a5f\u95dc\u69cd\uff0c\u4e00\u9846\u9846\u5c04\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u96fb\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u96d9\u72f9\u7e2b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9060\u8655\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u88dd\u8a2d\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u89c0\u6e2c\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u80fd\u5920\u6355\u6349\u5230\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u5df2\u7d93\u591a\u6b21\u88ab\u5be6\u73fe\u3002\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u78ba\u5be6\u6703\u6709\u5e72\u6d89\u689d\u7d0b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u9846\u9846\u300d\u5c04\u51fa\uff0c\u83ab\u975e\u300c\u96fb\u5b50\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u5e72\u6d89\u300d\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e2b\u64ad\u653e\u5169\u6bb5\u5f71\u7247\u3002[2]<\/a>\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u6293\u5230\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6293\u5230\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u6355\u6349\u5230\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u7d2f\u7a4d\u51fa\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u6ce2\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u300c\u7c92\u5b50\u6709\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8ecc\u8de1\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5c31\u908f\u8f2f\u8b1b\u7121\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u5e72\u6d89\u73fe\u8c61\uff01\u300d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u53bb\u770b\u96fb\u5b50\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u9ebc\u901a\u904e\u96d9\u72f9\u7e2b\uff1f\u96fb\u5b50\u662f\u5f9e\u54ea\u500b\u72f9\u7e2b\u901a\u904e\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u5229\u7528\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u6563\u5c04\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u96fb\u5b50\u5f9e\u54ea\u500b\u5b54\u6d1e\uff08\u72f9\u7e2b\uff09\u901a\u904e\u300d\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5728\u72f9\u7e2b\u5f8c\u653e\u4e0a\u5149\u6e90\uff0c\u7528\u5149\u53bb\u7167\u5c04\u5169\u500b\u72f9\u7e2b\u3002\u5728\u5169\u72f9\u7e2b\u908a\u90fd\u64fa\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u96fb\u5b50\u5f9e\u8a72\u72f9\u7e2b\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u56e0\u5149\u6e90\u800c\u6563\u5c04\u3002\u6211\u5011\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\u5075\u6e2c\u96fb\u5b50\u8ecc\u8de1\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff1a\u5e72\u6d89\u689d\u7d0b\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n

\u300c\u4f60\u53bb\u770b\u5b83\uff08\u96fb\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u9019\u500b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u300d\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6f38\u6f38\u6e1b\u4f4e\u5149\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u96fb\u5b50\u6709\u6f0f\u7db2\u4e4b\u9b5a\uff1b\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5149\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u5149\u5c0d\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u9a37\u64fe\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u6c92\u6cd5\u660e\u78ba\u77e5\u9053\u96fb\u5b50\u662f\u5f9e\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u72f9\u7e2b\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u5e72\u6d89\u689d\u7d0b\u5c31\u6f38\u6f38\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e2c\u4e0d\u6e96\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8cbb\u66fc\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u96fb\u5b50\u5f9e\u54ea\u500b\uff08\u72f9\u7e2b\uff09\u5b54\u6d1e\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u904e\u65bc\u5e72\u64fe\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u8b93\u5e72\u6d89\u5716\u6a23\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u300d\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6e2c\u4e0d\u6e96\u539f\u7406\uff08Uncertainty principle\uff09\u300d<\/a>[3]<\/a>\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u300c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u7a2e\u6253\u6557\u6e2c\u4e0d\u6e96\u539f\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u6210\u70ba\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7406\u8ad6\u800c\u906d\u62cb\u68c4\u3002\u300d\u6709\u5fd7\u9752\u5e74\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u52a0\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u77ac\u9593\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u5b83\u5c31\u5728\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u4e4b\u8655\u7684\uff08\u9644\u8fd1\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53bb\u770b\u6708\u4eae\uff0c\u6708\u4eae\u4e5f\u9084\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u3002\u9019\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u672c\u6027\u3002\u300c\u4e8b\u5be6\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u5ba2\u89c0\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce2\u723e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\uff08\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839<\/a>\uff09[4]<\/a>\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u5b83\u54ea\u88e1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\uff01\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b83\u8655\u8655\u90fd\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u843d\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u8b93\u4eba\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5df2\u7d93\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\uff01\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u9810\u6e2c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u3002\u300d\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u5f9e\u540c\u6a23\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u69cd\u767c\u5c04\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u843d\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u9810\u6e2c\u6a5f\u7387\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7cbe\u78ba\u9810\u6e2c\u3002\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u80fd\u5920\u7cbe\u6e96\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u904b\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u300c\u5982\u679c\u516b\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u8d77\u6b7b\u56de\u751f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u9084\u597d\u55ce\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n

\u6709\u5169\u672c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b78\u8ab2\u672c\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u56de\u4e8b\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u96fb\u5b50\u8def\u5f91\u6216\u8ecc\u8de1\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u53e5\u8a71\uff1a\u300c\u6545\u7121\u6cd5\u6e96\u78ba\u9810\u6e2c\u96fb\u5b50\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u300d\u3001\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u8ecc\u8de1\u7121\u6cd5\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u300d\u3002\u6ce2\u723e\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u9023\u5047\u8a2d\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5047\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u6027\u5177\u6709\u6a5f\u7387\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u6a5f\u7387\u6ce2\u3002\u6ce2\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5982\u5e72\u6d89\u3001\u7e5e\u5c04\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u6ce2\u7684\u758a\u52a0\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5982\u8981\u5efa\u69cb\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6ce2\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u7531\u300c\u758a\u52a0\u539f\u7406\uff08superposition principle\uff09\u300d\u8457\u624b\u3002\u6ce2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ecb\u8cea\u7684\u9707\u76ea\u3002\u660e\u6697\u689d\u7d0b\u662f\u6a5f\u7387\u7684\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u8981\u9810\u6e2c\u6a5f\u7387\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5f9e\u6b64\u51fa\u767c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u7b49\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u6578\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8907\u6578\u7a31\u70ba\u6a5f\u7387\u5e45\u3002
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u7576\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5e45\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u6bcf\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u500b\u5225\u8003\u616e\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5e45\u4e4b\u548c\u3002
\n\u4e09\u3001\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u505a\u4e00\u9805\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u4ee5\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u662f\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u4e4b\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u67b6\u69cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u65cb\u300d\u958b\u59cb\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u9032\u5165sg\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u6709\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u6703\u5206\u4f7f\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u6210\u5169\u675f\u3002\u5728sg\u88dd\u7f6e\uff08\u65bd\u7279\u6069\uff0d\u683c\u62c9\u8d6b\u5be6\u9a57\uff0cStern\u2013Gerlach experiment\uff09<\/a>[5]<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u539f\u5b50\u5c04\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u770b\u78c1\u5834\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u6703\u5f80\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5f0f\u504f\u6298\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u6aa2\u9a57\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u300c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6cbf\u8457z\u8ef8\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6cbf\u8457x\u8ef8\u6307\u5411\u4e0a\u3002\u300d\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u53e4\u5178\u6982\u5ff5\u3002[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u4e4b\u8def<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5834\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u90fd\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u662f\u6ce2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u3002\u6709\u9019\u4e00\u5957\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593\u63cf\u8ff0\u96fb\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8981\u554f\u7684\u662f\u9019\u500b\u72c0\u614b\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u600e\u9ebc\u8b8a\u5316\uff1f\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\uff081887-1961\uff0cErwin Schr\u00f6dinger\uff09\u5c31\u51fa\u5834\u4e86\u3002\u72c0\u614b\u5411\u91cf\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u6210\u67d0\u7a2e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u9019\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7528\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u4e86\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u968e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281925\u5e7411\u6708\u67d0\u65e5\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u7d50\u675f\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5fb7\u62dc\uff08Peter Debye\uff09\u96a8\u53e3\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u600e\u9ebc\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u3002\u6211\u548c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u7d22\u672b\u83f2\uff08Arnold Sommerfeld\uff09\u6559\u6211\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u8655\u7406\u6ce2\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u500b\u6ce2\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff01\u300d<\/p>\n

\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u807d\u9032\u53bb\u4e86\uff011926\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5fb7\u62dc\u5efa\u8b70\u6211\u5011\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u6ce2\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u55ef\uff0c\u6211\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u3002\u300d\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u5c31\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u70ba\u4e86\u7a81\u986f\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u758a\u52a0\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u8352\u8b2c\u6027\u3002\u628a\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\uff08Erwin Schrodinger's Cat\uff09<\/a>\u653e\u5728\u76d2\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u76d2\u4e2d\u64fa\u6709\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u8207\u74f6\u88dd\u6bd2\u6c23\u3002\u5728\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u65c1\u908a\u64fa\u4e0a\u67d0\u7a2e\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u5075\u6e2c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u662f\u5426\u8870\u8b8a\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5075\u6e2c\u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b93\u69cc\u5b50\u6389\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u628a\u6bd2\u6c23\u73bb\u7483\u74f6\u6253\u788e\uff0c\u8c93\u805e\u5230\u5c31\u6703\u6b7b\u6389\u3002\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u8c93\u662f\u6d3b\u8457\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u9084\u6c92\u8870\u8b8a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6578\u5206\u9418\u5f8c\u6253\u958b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u8c93\u6d3b\u8457\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u8c93\u5c31\u6b7b\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u6253\u958b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8c93\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u4f60\u53bb\u770b\u5979\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u8feb\u4f7f\u5979\u662f\u300c\u751f\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6b7b\u300d\u3002\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u89c0\u6e2c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u758a\u52a0\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6a5f\u7387\uff0c\u9019\u6a5f\u7387\u6703\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u800c\u8b8a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\uff0c\u9084\u6c92\u78ba\u5207\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u4e0d\u751f\u4e0d\u6b7b\uff0c\u65e2\u751f\u53c8\u6b7b\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u8207\u77e9\u9663\u6578\u5b78<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\uff081901-1976\uff0cWerner Heisenberg\uff09\u6bd4\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u66f4\u65e9\u534a\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u77e9\u9663\u529b\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6ce2\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u300d\u30021925\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u6eff24\u6b72\u3002\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u300c\u672c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u8a66\u5716\u5efa\u7acb\u7406\u8ad6\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u790e\u5168\u7136\u5960\u57fa\u65bc\u300e\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u91cf\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u300f\u3002\u300d\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0a\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u8f15\u6613\u5c07\u5b83\u7d0d\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5149\u8b5c\u300d\u6240\u4ee5\u5f9e\u300c\u5149\u8b5c\u300d\u53bb\u56de\u63a8\u539f\u5b50\u8e8d\u9077\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5dee\u3002\u800c\u539f\u5b50\u767c\u5c04\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u662f\u5169\u500b\u6574\u6578\u7684\u51fd\u6578\u3002\u800c\u9019\u500b\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u300c\u745e\u8332\u7d44\u5408\u539f\u7406\uff08Ritz Combination Principle\uff09\u300d<\/a>[7]<\/a>\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4ee5\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5f9e\u96fb\u5b50\u8ecc\u9053\u63a8\u5c0e\u4e0d\u51fa\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u96fb\u5b50\u8ecc\u9053\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u4fbf\u653e\u624b\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u8a08\u7b97\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u77e9\u9663\u4e58\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u548c\u745e\u8332\u7d44\u5408\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce2\u6069\uff08Max Born\uff09\u3001\u55ac\u4e39\uff08P. Jordan\uff09\u3001\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\uff08P. A. M. Dirac\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ea4\u63db\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08commutation relations\uff09\u300d<\/a>[8]<\/a>\u3002\u5169\u500b\u77e9\u9663\u5012\u7f6e\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u65bc1933\u5e74\u5f97\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u800c\u760b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8001\u5e2b\u518d\u6b21\u52c9\u52f5\uff0c\u4e5f\u544a\u77e5\u7814\u7a76\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u300c\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u6709\u5fd7\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u4f60\u5011\u8981\u6311\u6230\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u6211\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u5011\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u300d\u7d0d\u8a31\uff08John Forbes Nash\uff09\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u767c\u75c5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c1957\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u7d5e\u76e1\u8166\u6c41\u601d\u8003\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u8981\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u5be6\u5728\uff08reality\uff09\u7684\u5e95\u5c64\u5716\u50cf\u300d\u3002\u7d0d\u8a31\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u8a98\u767c\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n

--<\/p>\n

 \u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1a102\/04\/27\u4e0b\u5348\u7531\u9ad8\u6d8c\u6cc9\u6559\u6388\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u61c9\u529b\u6240\u570b\u969b\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u6240\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4e4b\u300c\u6bd4\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u66f4\u5947\u602a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9<\/span><\/pre>\n
 \u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a\u53f0\u5927\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63a2\u7d22\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea72013\u5e7404\u670827\u65e5\u7b2c\u4e09\u8b1b\u3008\u6bd4\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u66f4\u5947\u602a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u3009<\/span>\u5168\u7a0b\u5f71\u97f3<\/span><\/a><\/pre>\n
\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u64da\u50b3\u66fe\u662f\u4e0d\u52d9\u6b63\u696d\u7684\u7b46\u8015\u8fb2\u592b\uff0c\u73fe\u5c31\u8b80\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u517c\u8077\u6587\u5b78\u5beb\u4f5c\uff09<\/p>\n
\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aNita Hsu<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
[1]<\/a> \u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1a\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u6563\u5c04\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u7576X\u5c04\u7dda\u6216\u4f3d\u746a\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u8ddf\u7269\u8cea\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u5931\u53bb\u80fd\u91cf\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6ce2\u9577\u8b8a\u9577\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
[2]<\/a> Feynman's double slit experiment<\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ToRdROokUhs<\/a><\/p>\n
Single electron double slit wave experiment<\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZJ-0PBRuthc<\/a><\/p>\n
[3]<\/a> \u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1a\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8207\u52d5\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u6642\u88ab\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u8207\u52d5\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
[4]<\/a> \u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1a\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u584c\u7e2e\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u6a5f\u7387\u5730\u584c\u7e2e\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6e2c\u91cf\u6240\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n
[5]<\/a> \u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1a\u70ba\u8b49\u5be6\u539f\u5b50\u89d2\u52d5\u91cf\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u65bc1921\u5e74\u52301922\u5e74\u671f\u9593\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8457\u540d\u5be6\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n
[6]<\/a> \u6211\u5011\u901a\u904e\u4e09\u5c64sg\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c64\u901a\u904ez\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u6cbf\u8457z\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u65b9\u504f\u6298\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64\u901a\u904ex\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u6cbf\u8457x\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u65b9\u504f\u6298\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c64\u6211\u5011\u518d\u6b21\u901a\u904ez\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u537b\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\uff0c\u9664\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5411\u4e0b\u504f\u6298\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9019\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n
[7]<\/a> \u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1a\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u539f\u5b50\u5149\u8b5c\u7dda\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n
[8]<\/a> \u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1a\u6b63\u5247\u5c0d\u6613\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08Canonical commutation relation\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u95dc\u4fc2\u5e38\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6b64\u5f0f\u5b50\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u70ba\u540d\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u7b2c\u4e09\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f \u25a0 \u9ad8\u6d8c\u6cc9\u8001\u5e2b\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":13247,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,885],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/IMG_3525.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13246"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13246"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29169,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13246\/revisions\/29169"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}