{"id":12555,"date":"2013-01-25T15:48:17","date_gmt":"2013-01-25T07:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=12555"},"modified":"2017-08-01T22:05:39","modified_gmt":"2017-08-01T14:05:39","slug":"%e3%80%90%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91%e7%99%bc%e7%8f%be%e5%b8%8c%e6%a0%bc%e6%96%af%e7%b2%92%e5%ad%90%e2%94%80%e5%9c%a8%e5%a4%a7%e5%bc%b7%e5%ad%90%e5%b0%8d%e6%92%9e%e6%a9%9f%e5%9b%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=12555","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u91cf\u5b50\u79d1\u5b78\u3011\u767c\u73fe\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u2500\u5728\u5927\u5f37\u5b50\u5c0d\u649e\u6a5f\u56de\u6eaf\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8d77\u6e90"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u201cWhat we know is a drop, what we don't know is an ocean.\u201d\u2500Isaac Newton<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90:Digital Vision.\u2502Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587<\/strong>\uff5c\u674e\u6600\u7ff0<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u65e5\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5104\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u91cf\u6975\u9ad8\u53c8\u6975\u5c0f\u7684\u9ede(\u5947\u7570\u9ede)\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6975\u77ed\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u6025\u907d\u5730\u81a8\u8139\u5230\u7d04\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5343\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u5747\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5b87\u5b99\u4ecd\u5728\u7de9\u6162\u5730\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u81a8\u8139\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u9010\u6f38\u52a0\u5feb\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u529b\u5728\u63a8\u52d5\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5c0d\u65bc\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u81a8\u8139\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u7a0d\u5fae\u77ad\u89e3\u842c\u7269\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cea\u91cf\u4e4b\u8b0e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u91cd\u91cf\u662f\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u91cd\u91cf\u4f86\u4ea4\u63db\u3001\u8cb7\u8ce3\u7269\u54c1\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u91cd\u91cf\u8207\u8cea\u91cf\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u8cea\u91cf\u4e5f\u8207\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u516d\u500b\u5938\u514b\u8207\u516d\u500b\u8f15\u5b50\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5938\u514b\u53ef\u7d50\u5408\u69cb\u6210\u5f37\u5b50(\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u5011\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u5b50)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u53d7\u56db\u7a2e\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u6240\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3001\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u8207\u91cd\u529b\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4ea4\u63db\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u800c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5169\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4ea4\u63db\u81a0\u5b50\u800c\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u900f\u904e\u4ea4\u63db\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u900f\u904e\u4ea4\u63dbW\u3001Z\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u3002\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\u4f86\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u71b1\u70c8\u5730\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4eba\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5c07\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u8207\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5f9e\u524d\u5c07\u78c1\u529b\u8207\u96fb\u529b\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u529b\u7a31\u70ba\u96fb\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u554f\u984c\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\uff1a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u8cea\u91cf\u76f8\u5dee\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u591a\uff1f\u5149\u5b50\u6c92\u6709\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46Z\u3001W\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u7d04\u662f\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u7f8e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u7a31\u70baBrout\u2013Englert\u2013Higgs mechanism\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u5929\u624d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u5c0d\u7a31\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u64c1\u6709\u8cea\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u85c9\u8457\u8207\u201d\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u5834\u201d\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8cea\u91cf\u3002W\u3001Z\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8207\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u5834\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5149\u5b50\u537b\u4e0d\u8207\u6b64\u5834\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9019\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5b83\u9810\u6e2c\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u2500\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e1964\u5e74\u7406\u8ad6\u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u8a31\u591a\u5e74\u90fd\u672a\u627e\u5230\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5efa\u9020\u5927\u5f37\u5b50\u5c0d\u649e\u6a5f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

LHC<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>CMS<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>ATLAS<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5927\u5f37\u5b50\u5c0d\u649e\u6a5f(Large Hadron Collider)\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u74b0\u5f62\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5c07\u5169\u675f\u8cea\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u5230\u5149\u901f\u76840.99999999\u500d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c0d\u649e\u3002\u85c9\u8457\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u5c0d\u649e\uff0c\u77ac\u9593\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u6975\u9ad8\u6eab\u3001\u6975\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f49\u79fb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u8a31\u591a\u9ad8\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5e36\u6211\u5011\u56de\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u3002\u9019\u77ac\u9593\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

CMS\u8207ATLAS\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5075\u6e2c\u5c0d\u649e\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6975\u5176\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u662f\u7531\u7121\u6578\u7684\u5b50\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800cCMS\u662f\u7531\u8d85\u904e\u4e09\u5343\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u4e5d\u767e\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u4e00\u767e\u4e5d\u5341\u4e09\u500b\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u56db\u5341\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u4e00\u5343\u4f4d\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u8207\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u5171\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u4f86\u81ea\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u53c3\u8207\u4e86Preshower\u5b50\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u8a08\u756b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662fCMS\u7684\u6a6b\u5207\u5716\uff0c\u53ef\u770b\u898b\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttp:\/\/cdsweb.cern.ch<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u5c0d\u649e\u5728\u5de6\u5074\u5713\u5fc3\u8655\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5c07\u77ac\u9593\u8870\u8b8a\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96fb\u5b50\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u3001\u6e3a\u5b50\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u82e5\u8870\u8b8a\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5247\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u5176\u5728\u78c1\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u8f49\u6e2c\u5f97\u52d5\u91cf\u548c\u96fb\u6027\u3002\u800c\u9ec3\u8272\u8207\u7da0\u8272\u7684\u5340\u57df\u662f\u91cf\u80fd\u5668\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u91cf\u80fd\u5668\u80fd\u6e2c\u5f97\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u5916\u570d\u7d05\u8272\u5340\u57df\u5247\u70ba\u6e3a\u5b50\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u6e2c\u5f97\u6e3a\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8207\u52d5\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u80fd\u6e2c\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5c0d\u649e\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8207\u52d5\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u80fd\u81ea\u52d5\u4e1f\u68c4\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c0d\u649e\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u5148\u9032\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u76f8\u6a5f\uff0c\u6709\u5341\u5104\u756b\u6578\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u7167\u56db\u5343\u842c\u5f35\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u5c07\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7167\u7247\u904e\u6ffe\uff0c\u50c5\u7559\u4e0b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e09\u767e\u5f35\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u627e\u51fa\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u767c\u73fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttp:\/\/cdsweb.cern.ch<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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