{"id":12296,"date":"2012-12-11T12:42:49","date_gmt":"2012-12-11T04:42:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=12296"},"modified":"2017-08-07T09:02:15","modified_gmt":"2017-08-07T01:02:15","slug":"%e3%80%902012%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e3%80%91%e5%80%8b%e5%88%a5%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1%e7%9a%84%e6%b8%ac%e9%87%8f%e8%88%87%e6%93%8d%e7%b8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=12296","title":{"rendered":"\u30102012\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u3011\u500b\u5225\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u8207\u64cd\u7e31"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u25a0 \u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff0c\u9812\u767c\u7d66\u53ef\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u500b\u5225\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u91cf\u8207\u64cd\u7e31\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6027\u767c\u660e\u8207\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u79d1\u6280\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u7528\u548c\u8ae7\u9631\u56f0\u4f4f\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u8154\u56f0\u4f4f\u5149\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7de8\u8b6f<\/strong>\u2502\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7c21\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u63cf\u8ff0\u69cb\u6210\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u500b\u5225\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u7269\u8cea\uff09\u8ddf\u5149\u5b50\uff08\u5149\u7dda\uff09\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u5f88\u5c11\u55ae\u7368\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ddf\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5468\u906d\u74b0\u5883\u6709\u8457\u5f88\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4e00\u5718\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u8ddf\u500b\u5225\u7c92\u5b50\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u52a0\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u9818\u57df\u88e1\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u537b\u6703\u5229\u7528\u60f3\u50cf\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u628a\u60c5\u6cc1\u52a0\u4ee5\u7c21\u5316\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u9810\u6e2c\u55ae\u4e00\u91cf\u5b50\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u628a\u56f0\u5728\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u88e1\u7684\u500b\u5225\u96e2\u5b50\u51b7\u537b\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u96f7\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u8ddf\u74b0\u5883\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u500b\u5225\u96e2\u5b50\u5982\u4eca\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u300c\u539f\u4f4d\u300d (in situ) \u9032\u884c\u64cd\u63a7\u8207\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u5c07\u5149\u5b50\u56f0\u5728\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u52a0\u4ee5\u64cd\u63a7\u3002\u5728\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u56f0\u4f4f\u7684\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u56e0\u70ba\u8ddf\u539f\u5b50\u7522\u751f\u4e92\u52d5\u800c\u88ab\u6467\u6bc0\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6280\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8eab\u5148\u58eb\u5352\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u6e2c\u8a66\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b8f\u89c0\u8207\u5fae\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9593\u8f49\u63db\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u518d\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5be6\u969b\u64cd\u4f5c\u52a0\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f9e\u800c\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u9ad8\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u5149\u5b78\u9418\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12297\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12297\" style=\"width: 597px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=12297\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12297\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12297\" title=\"N1\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"597\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N1.jpg 597w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N1-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12297\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e00\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u500b\u5225\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u9631\u4e2d\u7684\u96e2\u5b50 \uff08\u53f3\uff09\u7a7a\u8154\u4e2d\u7684\u5149\u5b50<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff0c\u9812\u767c\u7d66\u53ef\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u500b\u5225\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u91cf\u8207\u64cd\u7e31\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6027\u767c\u660e\u8207\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u79d1\u6280\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u7528\u548c\u8ae7\u9631\u56f0\u4f4f\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u8154\u56f0\u4f4f\u5149\u5b50\uff08\u898b\u5716\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u79d1\u5b78\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u5be6\u9a57\u5716\u89e3\uff1a\u5de6\u908a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u548c\u8ae7\u9631\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\uff08\u5167\u90e8\u614b\u53ca\u5176\u904b\u52d5\u7686\u7136\uff09\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5716\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u9239\u96e2\u5b50\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u8207\u96f7\u5c04\u8108\u885d\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53f3\u908a\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u5149\u5b50\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u9ad8 Q \u5ea6\u7684\u5fae\u6ce2\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\uff0c\u5fae\u6ce2\u5834\u614b\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8207\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6fc0\u5316\u7684\u92a3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u8207\u63a7\u5236\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u5728\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u8ae7\u632f\u5b50\u8026\u5408\u7684\u96d9\u80fd\u968e\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6e2c\u91cf\u6cd5\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5091\u6069\u65af\u2014\u5eb7\u660e\u65af\u6f22\u5bc6\u723e\u9813\u91cf (Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian) \u5c31\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u96d9\u80fd\u968e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\uff08\u5e36\u6709\u5169\u500b\u8207\u96f7\u5c04\u5149\u8026\u5408\u7684\u80fd\u968e\uff09\u6216\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6fc0\u5316\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u5e36\u6709\u5169\u500b\u8207\u5fae\u6ce2\u5834\u8026\u5408\u7684\u96f7\u5fb7\u5821 (Rydberg) \u80fd\u968e\uff09\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u8ae7\u632f\u5b50\u5247\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u56f0\u5728\u9631\u88e1\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u56f0\u5728\u7a7a\u8154\u88e1\u7684\u5fae\u6ce2\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4ecb\u7d39\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6b64\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56f0\u4f4f\u96e2\u5b50\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u56f0\u4f4f\u5145\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6280\u6cd5\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u9b91\u723e (Paul) \u8ddf\u5fb7\u6885\u7279 (Dehmelt) \uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u300c\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u56f0\u4f4f\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u6280\u6cd5\u300d\u800c\u5f97\u734e\u3002\u7531\u6d2a\u8a31 (H\u00e4nsch) \u8ddf\u590f\u6d1b (Schawlow) \u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u4e94\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u6027\u539f\u5b50\u90fd\u535c\u52d2 (Doppler) \u51b7\u537b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7 (Windland) \u8ddf\u5fb7\u6885\u7279\u5728\u540c\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u90fd\u535c\u52d2\u51b7\u537b\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u500b\u5225<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12302\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12302\" style=\"width: 233px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=12302\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12302\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12302\" title=\"N2\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N22.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"233\" height=\"267\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12302\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\uff1a\u4e09\u500b\u88ab\u56f0\u7684\u9239\u96e2\u5b50\u6240\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u87a2\u5149\u9020\u5f71\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u6a19\u6e96\u6280\u8853\u5c40\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u7368\u7acb\u96e2\u5b50\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9032\u5c55\u3002\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u8ddf\u7d10\u8c6a\u745f (Neuhauser) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5c0d\u9382\u96e2\u5b50 (Mg<sup>+<\/sup>) \u8ddf\u92c7\u96e2\u5b50 (Ba<sup>+<\/sup>) \u9032\u884c\u56f0\u4f4f\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u3001\u827e\u514b\u65af\u58ef (Ekstrom) \u8ddf\u5fb7\u6885\u7279\u65e9\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u6355\u6349\u55ae\u4e00\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u6258\u8b1d\u514b (Toschek) \u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5c31\u5728\u9b91\u723e\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u88e1\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u6355\u6349\u5230\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u92c7\u96e2\u5b50\uff1b\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u8ddf\u4f0a\u5854\u8afe (Itano) \u5247\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u7528\u6f58\u5be7 (Penning) \u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u9382\u96e2\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u4f69\u723e (Peil) \u8ddf\u52a0\u5e03\u745e\u745f (Gabrielse) \u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u5247\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e5d\u5e74\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u8207\u6b64\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6280\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u51b7\u537b\u6f58\u5be7\u9631\u88e1\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u96fb\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u662f\u5728\u8d85\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u975c\u96fb\u5834\u8207\u632f\u76ea\u96fb\u5834\u6240\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u6709\u53ea\u6703\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\u6703\u6210\u4e00\u689d\u7dda\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u9631\u3002\u88ab\u56f0\u4f4f\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u632f\u76ea\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u6eab\u4e0b\u6703\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96e2\u5b50\u6703\u5e36\u6709\u5169\u5957\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u80fd\u968e\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u9631\u4e2d\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u632f\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u53c8\u7a31\u5916\u90e8\u614b\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u96e2\u5b50\u5167\u90e8\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u968e\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u80fd\u968e\u53ef\u7528\u5438\u5149\u6216\u767c\u5149\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u62c9\u66fc\u8e8d\u9077\u300d (Raman transition) \u7684\u96d9\u5149\u5b50\u904e\u7a0b\u52a0\u4ee5\u8026\u5408\u3002\u900f\u904e\u7528\u96f7\u5c04\u6fc0\u767c\u5f37\u70c8\u6563\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u5149\u5b78\u8e8d\u9077\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u96e2\u5b50\u4fbf\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u8089\u773c\u6216\u662f CCD \u651d\u5f71\u6a5f\uff08\u898b\u5716\u4e8c\uff09\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u614b\u4e5f\u80fd\u85c9\u7531\u89c0\u5bdf\u91cf\u5b50\u8df3\u8e8d\u52a0\u4ee5\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u7d0d\u845b\u5c3c (Nagourney) \u7b49\u4eba\u8ddf\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u3001\u4f2f\u683c\u594e\u65af\u7279 (Bergquist) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5206\u5225\u793a\u7bc4\u904e\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12314\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12314\" style=\"width: 227px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=12314\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12314\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12314\" title=\"N3\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N33.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"227\" height=\"253\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12314\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e09\uff1a\u5074\u5e36\u51b7\u537b\u539f\u7406\uff08\u898b\u5167\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u6709\u4e00\u6b65\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u5074\u5e36\u51b7\u537b\u300d (sideband cooling) \u7684\u6280\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u964d\u6eab\u5230\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u8fea\u5d14\u5947 (Diedrich) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9580\u7f85 (Monroe) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u63a2\u8a0e\u904e\u9019\u500b\u6280\u6cd5\u3002\u5716\u4e09\u986f\u793a\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u88e1\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u968e\u4e0b\u7684\u5e7e\u7a2e\u632f\u52d5\u72c0\u614b\uff08|\u2193&gt; \u8ddf |\u2191&gt;\uff09\u3002\u9019\u5957\u6280\u6cd5\u6703\u6fc0\u5316\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5167\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u4e26\u6e1b\u4f4e\u632f\u52d5\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u8981\u9054\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u9053\u983b\u7387\u70ba \u03c9<sub>0<\/sub> \u2013 \u03c9<sub>\u03bd<\/sub> \u7684\u7a84\u983b\u96f7\u5c04\uff0c \u03c9<sub>\u03bd <\/sub>\u4ee3\u8868\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u5169\u7a2e\u632f\u76ea\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u983b\u7387\u5340\u9593\uff0c\u800c\u03c9<sub>0 <\/sub>\u5247\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8a72\u96e2\u5b50\u5169\u7a2e\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u968e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u983b\u7387\u5dee\u3002\u53d7\u6fc0\u5316\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u6703\u512a\u5148\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u632f\u52d5\u91cf\u5b50\u6578<em>\u03bd<\/em> \u7684\u72c0\u614b\u7522\u751f\u8870\u8b8a\u3002\u9019\u5957\u7531\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6280\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u8207\u5916\u90e8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u78ba\u5be6\u76e3\u63a7\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5275\u9020\u51fa<em>\u03bd<\/em> \u5b9a\u7fa9\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u798f\u514b\u614b (Fock state) \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7a2e\u53d7\u5230\u826f\u597d\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u798f\u514b\u614b\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u540c\u8abf\u614b\u6216\u71b1\u529b\u614b\u3002\u7c73\u514b\u970d\u592b (Meekhof) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516d\u5e74\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u8ad6\u6587\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u5247\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5c07\u96fb\u5b50\u614b\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u632f\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u758a\u6280\u6cd5\u3002\u5e2d\u54c8\u514b (Cirac) \u8ddf\u5de6\u52d2 (Zoller) \u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e94\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7406\u8ad6\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u9580\u7f85\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u540c\u5e74\u5c31\u628a\u5be6\u4f5c\u6280\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u9019\u500b\u6280\u6cd5\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8ddf\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u632f\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u56e0\u65af\u5e03\u9b6f\u514b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5e03\u62c9\u7279 (Blatt) \u8ddf\u53f2\u5bc6\u7279\u5361\u52d2 (Schmidt-Kaler) \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e09\u5e74\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u9019\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u5957\u6280\u6cd5\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6709\u7528\u5230\u8d85\u5c0e\u8ff4\u8def\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff0c\u859b\u53ef\u592b (Schoelkopf) \u8ddf\u7d00\u723e\u6587 (Girvin) \u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u516b\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u5957\u6280\u6cd5\u53d6\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u8ff4\u8defQED\u300d (Circuit-QED) \u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12318\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12318\" style=\"width: 571px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=12318\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12318\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12318\" title=\"Box1\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Box14.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"571\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Box14.jpg 571w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Box14-300x188.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12318\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5c0f\u6b04\u4e00\uff1a\u5275\u9020\u3001\u79fb\u8f49\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u614b\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u5c0f\u6b04\u4e00\uff1a\u5275\u9020\u3001\u79fb\u8f49\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u614b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u50cf\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u9631\u88e1\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u96fb\u5b50\u614b\u70ba |\u2193&gt; \uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u9631\u614b\u70ba |0&gt; \u3002\u9019\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u5f0f\u5b50\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>|\u03c60&gt; = |\u2193&gt;|0&gt;.<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\u53ef\u7528\u96f7\u5c04\u8108\u885d\u52a0\u4ee5\u6fc0\u5316\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u8abf\u91cd\u758a\u614b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>|\u03c60&gt;\u2192|\u03c61&gt; = (\u03b1|\u2193&gt; + \u03b2|\u2191&gt;) |0&gt;.<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u7d05\u5074\u5e36\u300d<em>\u03c0<\/em>-puls \uff08\u983b\u7387\u7b49\u65bc\u03c90 \u2013 \u03c9\u03bd \uff0c\u898b\u5716\u4e09\uff09\u8207\u96e2\u5b50\u7522\u751f\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u96e2\u5b50\u8655\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u632f\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 |\u2191&gt;|0&gt; \u72c0\u614b\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u96e2\u5b50\u8e8d\u9077\u5230 \u00a0|\u2193&gt;|1&gt; \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64<\/p>\n<p>|\u03c61&gt;\u2192|\u03c62&gt; = \u03b1|\u2193&gt; |0&gt; + \u03b2|\u2193&gt;|1&gt; = |\u2193&gt; (\u03b1|0&gt;+\u03b2|1&gt;).<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u758a\u614b\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u79fb\u8f49\u5230\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u632f\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u9631\u4e2d\u9084\u542b\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u8a72\u96e2\u5b50\u6703\u8ddf\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u632f\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\u91cd\u758a\u614b\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u79fb\u8f49\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12305\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12305\" style=\"width: 328px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=12305\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12305\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12305 \" title=\"N4\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"328\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N4.jpg 364w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N4-300x220.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12305\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u56db\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u5713\u5f62\u96f7\u5fb7\u5821\u539f\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u6ce2\u5834\u614b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff08\u898b\u5167\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5fae\u6ce2\u7a7a\u8154\u5247\u662f\u54c8\u7f85\u5951 (Haroche) \u3001\u96f7\u8499 (Raimond) \u8ddf\u5e03\u9b6f\u6069 (Brune) \u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5be6\u9a57\u7d44\u4ef6\u3002\u5fae\u6ce2\u7a7a\u8154\u7531\u5169\u584a\u76f8\u9694 2.7 \u516c\u5206\u7684\u7403\u9762\u93e1\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u93e1\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u8d85\u5c0e\u6750\u8cea\u922e (Nb) \u88fd\u6210\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u51b7\u537b\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u7684 0.8K \u6eab\u5ea6\u3002\u88fd\u4f5c\u93e1\u9762\u7684\u6280\u8853\u54c1\u8cea\u5728\u5927\u7d04\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a7a\u8154\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u53ef\u9054\u5230 4x10<sup>10<\/sup> \u7684\u6975\u9ad8 Q \u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u5149\u5b50\u5728\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u80fd\u5920\u7dad\u6301\u975e\u5e38\u9577\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\uff08\u5927\u7d04 130 \u6beb\u79d2\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\uff0c\u5149\u5b50\u5728\u6d88\u5931\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u884c\u9032\u5927\u7d0440,000\u516c\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u7684\u5834\u53ef\u7528\u5728\u5713\u5f62\u96f7\u5fb7\u5821\u614b\uff08\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa <em>n <\/em>= 50, <em>l <\/em>= |<em>m|<\/em>=49 \uff09\u7684\u92a3 (Rb) \u539f\u5b50\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a2\u6e2c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u534a\u5f91\u9577\u9054 125 \u5948\u7c73\uff0c\u8207\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u7684\u5834\u8026\u5408\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\u3002\u5f9e<em>n <\/em>= 50 (|\u2193&gt;) \u8e8d\u9077\u5230 <em>n <\/em>= 51 (|\u2191&gt;) \uff0c\u5176\u983b\u7387\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8ddf\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u7684\u5fae\u6ce2\u5834\u76f8\u540c (51 GHz) \u3002 R<sub>1<\/sub> \u8ddf R<sub>2<\/sub> \u5169\u500b\u7a7a\u8154\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5275\u9020\u4ecb\u65bc |\u2193&gt; \u8ddf |\u2191&gt; \u4e4b\u9593\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6709\u500b\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u5834\u96e2\u5b50\u5316\u5075\u6e2c\u5668 (D) \uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5075\u6e2c\u539f\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u3002\u7531\u540c\u8abf\u4f86\u6e90\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6ce2\u5c0e\u7ba1\u8207\u7a7a\u8154\u8026\u5408\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u9001\u9032\u7a7a\u8154\u88e1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u7f85\u5951\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u8ddf\u5834\u7684\u983b\u7387\u6709\u4e9b\u5fae\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u5728\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u884c\u9032\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u5438\u6536\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u968e\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u52d5\u614b\u53f2\u5854\u514b\u6548\u61c9 (Stark effect) \u800c\u7522\u751f\u4f4d\u79fb\uff0c\u5fae\u6ce2\u5834\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u8b8a\u7570\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5167\u3002\u9019\u500b\u76f8\u4f4d\u4f4d\u79fb\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u662f\u5728 |\u2193&gt; \u9084\u662f |\u2191&gt; \u7684\u72c0\u614b\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u539f\u5b50\u614b\u8207\u5834\u614b\u7e8f\u7d50\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u5e03\u9b6f\u6069\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516d\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u7f85\u5951\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u975e\u7834\u58de\u6027\u91cf\u5b50\u6e2c\u91cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u6e2c\u91cf\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u5149\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u5e03\u9b6f\u6069\u7b49\u4eba\u540c\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff09\u3002\u845b\u5229\u6fa4\u65af (Gleyzes) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e03\u5e74\u7528\u5be6\u9a57\u5c55\u793a\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u5be6\u9a57\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u8afe\u683c\u65af (Nogues) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u7a7a\u8154\u4e2d\u6355\u6349\u5230\u500b\u5225\u7684\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u900f\u904e\u5b83\u5011\u8207\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u6b04\u4e8c\u88e1\u6709\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u6e2c\u91cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u300c\u6f38\u9032\u5d29\u89e3\u300d (progressive collapse) \uff0c\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u975e\u7834\u58de\u6027\u91cf\u5b50\u6e2c\u91cf\u6cd5\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5728\u91cf\u6e2c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u6240\u589e\u6e1b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8ffd\u8e64\u7121\u8aa4\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u53e4\u723e\u6797 (Guerlin) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e03\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12317\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12317\" style=\"width: 592px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=12317\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12317\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12317\" title=\"Box2\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Box2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Box2.jpg 592w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Box2-300x250.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12317\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5c0f\u6b04\u4e8c\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u6e2c\u91cf\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u800c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u5176\u6467\u6bc0\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u5c0f\u6b04\u4e8c\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u6e2c\u91cf\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u800c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u5176\u6467\u6bc0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u5728 |\u2191&gt; \u72c0\u614b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5728 B \u7684\u4f4d\u5b50\u6e96\u5099\u5c31\u7dd2\uff08\u898b\u5716\u56db\uff09\u3002\u5728 R1 \u6709\u4e00\u80a1\u03c0\/2 \u7684\u8108\u885d\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u51fa |\u2193&gt; \u8ddf |\u2191&gt; \u539f\u5b50\u614b\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u614b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 |\u03c61&gt; = (|\u2193&gt; + |\u2191&gt;)\/\u221a2.<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u758a\u614b\u5728\u884c\u7d93\u7a7a\u8154 C \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u6210 |\u03c6&gt; = (|\u2193&gt; + ei\u03c6 |\u2191&gt;)\/\u221a2 \uff0c\u03c6\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u614b\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u614b\u5728\u884c\u7d93\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u3002\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u614b\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u614b\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u96d9\u6975\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u50cf\u500b\u6642\u9418\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u800c\u884c\u7d93\u7a7a\u8154\u904e\u5f8c\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u6642\u9418\u7684\u6307\u91dd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u7684\u5fae\u6ce2\u5834\u983b\u7387\u8207\u539f\u5b50\u983b\u7387\u7565\u6709\u51fa\u5165\u3002\u6a6b\u8d8a\u7a7a\u8154\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u5438\u6536\u6216\u91cb\u653e\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5176\u80fd\u968e\u537b\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u7522\u751f\u4f4d\u79fb\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u76f8\u4f4d \u03c6 \u6703\u6309\u7167\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u6578\u76ee\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u7d93\u6642\u9593\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5018\u82e5\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u6c92\u6709\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u03c6 = 0 mod 2\u03c0 \u3002\u7576\u539f\u5b50\u62b5\u9054 R2 \u6642\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u5df2\u4f4d\u65bc\u91cd\u758a\u614b |\u03c61&gt; \u3002\u539f\u5b50\u5728 R2 \u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u9053 \u03c0\/2 \u7684\u8108\u885d\u7522\u751f\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 |\u03c61&gt;\u2192 |\u2193&gt; \uff0c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u7531 D \u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u983b\u7387\u8207\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u5fae\u6ce2\u5834\u983b\u7387\u7684\u51fa\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5018\u82e5\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u03c6 = \u03c0 \u3002\u7576\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u8ddf\u4e00\u500b\u5149\u5b50\u7522\u751f\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u62b5\u9054 R2 \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u5df2\u4f4d\u65bc\u91cd\u758a\u614b |\u03c62&gt; = (|\u2193&gt;\u2013 |\u2191&gt;) \/\u221a2 \u3002\u539f\u5b50\u8ddf \u03c0\/2 \u8108\u885d\u7522\u751f\u4e92\u52d5\u6642\uff0c |\u03c62&gt;\u2192|\u2191&gt; \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u8ad6\u7a7a\u8154\u5167\u6709 0 \u500b\u9084\u662f 1 \u500b\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u975e\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u8ddf\u5e7e\u500b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u91cd\u8907\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u5be6\u9a57\u63a2\u8a0e\u300c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12308\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12308\" style=\"width: 276px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=12308\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12308\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12308\" title=\"N5\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N52.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N52.jpg 276w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N52-253x300.jpg 253w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12308\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e94\uff1a\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u91cf\u5b50\u8207\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8f49\u63db\u3002\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u7528\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u300d(Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019s cat) \u7684\u77db\u76fe\u52a0\u4ee5\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002\u9019\u500b\u540d\u7a31\u662f\u6307\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u50cf\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u628a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u56f0\u96e3\uff08\u898b\u5716\u4e94\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u5149\u6d41\u901d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u8981\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u614b\u8b8a\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\uff1f\u81ea\u5f9e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u7522\u751f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u947d\u7814\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u7956\u745e\u514b (Zurek) \u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e00\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96f7\u683c\u7279 (Leggett) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u737b\u56de\u9867\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u7f85\u5951\u8ddf\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u505a\u5230\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u88e1\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5149\u5b50\u8ddf\u96e2\u5b50\u9032\u884c\u985e\u4f3c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u54c8\u7f85\u5951\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516b\u5e74\u5beb\u7684\u6587\u737b\u56de\u9867\uff09\u3002\u5927\u885b\u591a\u7dad\u5947 (Davidovich) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516d\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u54c8\u7f85\u5951\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u96a8\u5373\u8457\u624b\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u96f7\u5fb7\u5821\u539f\u5b50\u8ddf\u7a7a\u8154\u5834\u7e8f\u7d50\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u7684\u5fae\u6ce2\u5834\u614b\u91cd\u758a\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u975e\u5e38\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8ddf\u74b0\u5883\u8026\u5408\u4fbf\u6703\u8f15\u6613\u88ab\u6467\u6bc0\uff08\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u9003\u96e2\u7a7a\u8154\u7684\u5149\u5b50\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u91cd\u758a\u7684\u812b\u6563\u73fe\u8c61\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6f14\u8b8a\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u8a08\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u614b\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u9593\u8207\u91cd\u758a\u614b\u7279\u6027\u51fd\u6578\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u3002\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u6280\u6cd5\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u8ddf\u904b\u52d5\u540c\u8abf\u614b\u7e8f\u7d50\u7684\u53d7\u56f0\u55ae\u4e00\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u96e2\u5b50\u4f86\u69cb\u6210\u300c\u8c93\u614b\u300d\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u9580\u7f85\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516d\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u89c0\u5bdf\u5176\u812b\u6563\u73fe\u8c61\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u5f4c\u4e9e\u7279 (Myatt) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u516b\u5e74\u6240\u505a\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u3002\u54c8\u7f85\u5951\u7b49\u4eba\u6700\u8fd1\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u8c93\u614b\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e26\u4e14\u62cd\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5f71\u7247\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u8c93\u614b\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u91cd\u758a\u614b\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u53e4\u5178\u6df7\u614b\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u6234\u6a02\u845b\u5229\u745f (Del\u00e9glise) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u516b\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8d85\u51e1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u994b\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5c0d\u812b\u6563\u6548\u61c9\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e26\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u300c\u7a69\u5b9a\u300d\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u4f7f\u5176\u7a69\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u798f\u514b\u614b\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u8cfd\u6797 (Sayrin) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u4e00\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5e2d\u54c8\u514b\u8ddf\u5de6\u52d2\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e94\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6975\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u88ab\u56f0\u4f4f\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u53f0\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5c07\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143 (qubits) \u7de8\u78bc\u5230\u88ab\u56f0\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u8d85\u7cbe\u7d30\u80fd\u968e\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u88ab\u56f0\u96e2\u5b50\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u975e\u5e38\u5f31\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4fdd\u5b58\u6642\u9593\u5c31\u53ef\u62c9\u9577\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u8cea\u5fc3\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u52a0\u4ee5\u8026\u5408\uff08\u5982\u5c0f\u6b04\u4e00\u6240\u793a\uff09\u3002\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u7387\u5148\u9032\u884c\u9239\u96e2\u5b50 (Be<sup>+<\/sup>) \u904b\u52d5\u8207\u65cb\u8f49\u7684\u4e8c\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\uff08\u53d7\u63a7\u5426\u9598 (CNOT) \uff09\u5be6\u9a57\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u9580\u7f85\u7b49\u4eba\u65bc\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e94\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u5f9e\u90a3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u88ab\u56f0\u96e2\u5b50\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3002\u5967\u5730\u5229\u56e0\u65af\u5e03\u9b6f\u514b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5e03\u62c9\u7279\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e09\u5e74\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u7528\u9223\u96e2\u5b50 (Ca<sup>+<\/sup>) \u9032\u884c CNOT \u904b\u7b97\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u53f2\u5bc6\u7279\u5361\u52d2\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff09\u3002\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u9032\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u79d1\u6280\u662f\u6839\u64da\u88ab\u56f0\u96e2\u5b50\u505a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u904b\u7528\u591a\u9054 14 \u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u9598\u8207\u904b\u7b97\u5354\u5b9a\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u5e03\u62c9\u7279\u8207\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u516b\u5e74\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u6587\u737b\u56de\u9867\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u672a\u4f86\u82e5\u8981\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u904b\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u5920\u8d85\u8d8a\u53e4\u5178\u96fb\u8166\u4e4b\u6240\u53ca\u7684\u5927\u578b\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u5247\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5149\u5b78\u9418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5149\u5b78\u9418\u662f\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u56f0\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5728\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u5340\u57df\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u8e8d\u9077\u505a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5149\u5b78\u9418\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u6216\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u5149\u7684\u8e8d\u9077\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u5728\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u6ce2\u7bc4\u570d\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u92ab\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u8e8d\u9077\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u5616\u5616\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\u3002\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5149\u5b78\u9418\uff08\u5982\u8fea\u9054\u59c6\u65af (Diddams) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u7f85\u68ee\u73ed\u5fb7 (Rosenband) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5468\u6e05\u6587\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u4e00\u3007\u5e74\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u525b\u597d\u53ef\u9054\u523010<sup>-17<\/sup> \u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u76ee\u524d\u92ab\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u7684\u983b\u7387\u6a19\u6e96\u9084\u8981\u7cbe\u78ba\u5169\u500b\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5149\u5b78\u96e2\u5b50\u9418\u9760\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u651d\u52d5\u4e0d\u600e\u9ebc\u654f\u611f\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u96e2\u5b50\u72f9\u7a84\u8e8d\u9077\uff08\u53c8\u7a31\u7981\u6212\u8e8d\u9077 (forbidden transition) \uff09\u3002\u9019\u96e2\u5b50\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5bb9\u8a31\u8e8d\u9077 (allowed transition) \uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u51b7\u537b\uff0c\u4f9b\u4eba\u5075\u6e2c\u3002\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u91cf\u5b50\u908f\u8f2f\u5149\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\u300d (quantum logic spectroscopy) \u7684\u65b0\u6280\u6cd5\uff0c\u9760\u7684\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u7e8f\u7d50\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5982\u5c0f\u6b04\u4e00\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u6280\u6cd5\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u5149\u8b5c\u8e8d\u9077\uff08\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa <sup>1<\/sup>S0\u2192<sup>3<\/sup>P1 \u5728 <sup>27<\/sup>Al<sup>+<\/sup> (267 \u5948\u7c73) \uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u5b50\uff08\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa <sup>9<\/sup>Be<sup>+<\/sup>\uff09\u5247\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u51b7\u537b\u8e8d\u9077\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u53f2\u5bc6\u7279 (Schmidt) \u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e94\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff09\u3002\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u5149\u5b78\u9418\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7531\u6d2a\u8a31\u8ddf\u970d\u723e (Hall) \u767c\u660e\u7684\u983b\u68b3 (frequency comb) \u6280\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u4f4d\u85c9\u6b64\u7372\u9812\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e94\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u5149\u5b78\u9418\u6240\u9054\u5230\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u5728\u6642\u901f\u5e7e\u5343\u516c\u91cc\u4e0b\u7684\u6642\u9593\u64f4\u5927\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5169\u9ede\u9593\u50c5\u6709\u5927\u7d04 30 \u516c\u5206\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5dee\u6642\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u52e2\u80fd\u5dee\uff08\u8a73\u898b\u5468\u6e05\u6587\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u4e00\u3007\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7e3d\u7d50<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u61f7\u862d\u5fb7\u8207\u54c8\u7f85\u5951\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9ad8\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c0d\u500b\u5225\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u91cf\u8207\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5be6\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6e2c\u91cf\u985e\u4f3c\u300c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u300d\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u812b\u6563\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u958b\u767c\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u7814\u767c\u6975\u70ba\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u5149\u5b78\u9418\uff0c\u9081\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>--<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #333333;\"> \u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u8655\uff1a<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/physics\/laureates\/2012\/advanced-physicsprize2012_02.pdf\">2012\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u539f\u6587\u4ecb\u7d39<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong><strong>\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aNita Hsu<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0 \u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff0c\u9812\u767c\u7d66\u53ef\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":12297,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1027,3293,39],"tags":[881,880,203],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/N1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12296"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12296"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29231,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12296\/revisions\/29231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}