{"id":11914,"date":"2012-10-19T02:52:14","date_gmt":"2012-10-18T18:52:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=11914"},"modified":"2017-08-07T09:12:03","modified_gmt":"2017-08-07T01:12:03","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e5%85%ab%e3%80%91%e8%a7%a3%e9%96%8b%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e5%af%86%e7%a2%bc%e7%9a%84%e7%a5%9e%e5%a5%87%e9%91%b0%e5%8c%99%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e9%81%ba%e5%82%b3%e5%ad%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=11914","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d22\u516b\u3011\u89e3\u958b\u751f\u547d\u5bc6\u78bc\u7684\u795e\u5947\u9470\u5319\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u6f14\u9032\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11915\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11915\" style=\"width: 372px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=11915\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11915\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915\" title=\"6009-000108\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/6009-000108.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"372\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/6009-000108.jpg 372w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/6009-000108-242x300.jpg 242w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11915\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aRoberto Brosan\u2502Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587<\/strong>\u2502\u6797\u6b23\u6021<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u5169\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u53ef\u8aaa\u5373\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u8207\u907a\u50b3\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u6700\u521d\u4e5f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64CASE\u63a2\u7d22\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\u5373\u662f\u4ee5\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u4f5c\u70ba\u6bcd\u984c\uff0c\u8a73\u76e1\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u6f14\u7e79\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u6f14\u5316\u5b78\u79d1\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u500b\u9762\u5411\u3002\u800c\u5230\u4e86CASE\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u671f\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9996\u8981\u60f3\u63a8\u4ecb\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u4fbf\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u53f0\u67f1\u300d\uff1a\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5f9e19\u4e16\u7d00\u767c\u5c55\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457DNA\u86cb\u767d\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6f38\u6f38\u6709\u88ab\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u5473\u9053\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u6839\u672c\u53e9\u554f\u7684\u4ecd\u662f\u300c\u751f\u547d\u600e\u9ebc\u767c\u751f\uff1f\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u4e3b\u984c\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f21\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ecd\u7136\u6d3b\u529b\u84ec\u52c3\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff1f\u672c\u671fCASE\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7279\u5225\u656c\u9080\u53f0\u5927\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u694a\u5049\u52db\u6559\u6388\u64d4\u4efb\u7b56\u5283\u4eba\uff0c\u9080\u8acb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8b1b\u5e2b\u5c0d\u65bc\u907a\u50b3\u57fa\u56e0\u5b78\u79d1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c08\u9577\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u907a\u50b3\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u91ab\u5b78\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u81e8\u5e8a\u8868\u5fb5\u7b49\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u5f9e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5230\u75c5\u623f\u3001\u5f9e\u7406\u8ad6\u5230\u81e8\u5e8a\u7684\u8c50\u539a\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8207\u6703\u807d\u773e\u5b78\u5b50\u6b32\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5404\u8b1b\u5e2b\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u694a\u5049\u52db\u6559\u6388\u5728\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u907a\u50b3\u300d\u8207\u300c\u9020\u5316\u300d\u5169\u76f8\u6bd4\u7167\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u50b3\u9054\u51fa\u4ed6\u81ea\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u53ca\u81e8\u5e8a\u7d93\u9a57\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8868\u73fe\u578b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u90fd\u662f\u5148\u5929\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u5f8c\u5929\u74b0\u5883\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u7a76\u7adf\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ffd\u4e0a\u5148\u5929\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u7a81\u7834\u5148\u5929\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u5bb6\u601d\u8003\u7684\u9762\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u70baCASE\u7b2c\u516b\u671f\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u7e3d\u7b56\u5283\uff0c\u694a\u5049\u52db\u6559\u6388\u5728\u7b2c\u516b\u671f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5834\u6f14\u8b1b\u300c\u7d9c\u89c0\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u907a\u50b3\u300d\u4e2d\u5c07\u5148\u4e00\u4e00\u5f15\u4ecb\u63d0\u9ede\u7b2c\u516b\u671f\u5404\u8b1b\u6240\u805a\u7126\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7db1\u8981\uff0c\u56de\u986719\u4e16\u7d00\u523020\u521d\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e26\u5e36\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u95dc\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8f15\u9b06\u7684\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u6f2b\u8ac7\u4e2d\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u9019\u9580\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u6240\u70ba\u4f55\u4f86\uff0c\u5176\u7cbe\u795e\u9762\u8c8c\u53ca\u6f14\u9032\u6b77\u7a0b\u8ecc\u8de1\u3002<!--more-->\u800c\u6709\u95dc\u65bc20\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u9032\u5c55\u8207\u65b0\u77e5\uff0c\u5247\u5c07\u7531\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5404\u5834\u8b1b\u5ea7\u518d\u6162\u6162\u6dfb\u88dc\u8840\u8089\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7d39\u8207\u4e0d\u540c\u5b78\u79d1\u9818\u57df\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u5f8c\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9032\u7a0b\u3001\u95dc\u6ce8\u8b70\u984c\u8207\u5b78\u8853\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u907a\u50b3\uff1a\u5f9e\u6982\u5ff5\u5230\u79d1\u5b78<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u907a\u50b3\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u300c\u9f8d\u751f\u9f8d\uff0c\u9cf3\u751f\u9cf3\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u6642\u671f\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u4eba\u4e5f\u66fe\u63a2\u8a0e\u904e\u512a\u751f\u5b78\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8840\u7d71\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u8f03\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7b49\u7b49\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u90fd\u53ea\u9650\u65bc\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u624d\u5275\u7acb\u4e86\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6709\u689d\u7406\u3001\u4e14\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u907a\u50b3\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1865\u5e74\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u5169\u7bc7\u95dc\u65bc\u7897\u8c46\u80b2\u7a2e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u5df2\u6db5\u62ec\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u6700\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5728\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u8c4c\u8c46\u7684\u5916\u5728\u7279\u5fb5\u7a31\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u578b(Phenotype)\uff0c\u4e26\u5047\u8a2d\u64cd\u63a7\u5916\u5728\u7279\u5fb5\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u578b(Genotype)\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u5c07\u4e0d\u540c\u7d14\u7a2e\u54c1\u7cfb\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u53c9\u6df7\u7a2e\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5be6\u9a57\u5f8c\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u5305\u62ec\u55ae\u578b\u5f8b\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u4e2d\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u986f\u6027\u8207\u96b1\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u7b49\u89e3\u91cb\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7576\u6642\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u79d1\u6280\u8a2d\u5099\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u91dd\u5c0d\u5be6\u9a57\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u60f3\u50cf\u8207\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u7531\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u865f\u89e3\u6790\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u8ca2\u737b\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u800c\u9a5a\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8a72\u5be6\u9a57\u57281865\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u5f8c\u4e26\u672a\u5f15\u8d77\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u624d\u88ab\u8a31\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u518d\u5ea6\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u91cd\u65b0\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7d50\u679c\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u73fe\u8c61\u624d\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u4e26\u4e14\u78ba\u7acb\u4ed6\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u7cbe\u795e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u5728\u5c07\u7d14\u7a2e\u9ec3\u8c4c\u8c46\u548c\u7d14\u7a2e\u7da0\u8c4c\u8c46\u914d\u7a2e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5947\u7279\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5b50\u4ee3\u4e00\u5f8b\u662f\u9ec3\u8c4c\u8c46\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u518d\u5c07\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b50\u4ee3\u4e92\u76f8\u914d\u7a2e\uff0c\u537b\u6703\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b50\u4ee3\u662f\u7da0\u8c4c\u8c46\u3002\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u56e0\u6b64\u9762\u81e8\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u89e3\u91cb\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b50\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b50\u4ee3\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u6027\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u56e0\u6b64\u63a8\u4f30\u8a8d\u70ba\u63a7\u5236\u8c4c\u8c46\u984f\u8272\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u61c9\u6709\u5169\u500b\uff0c\u9ec3\u8c4c\u8c46\u5e36\u6709\u986f\u6027\u57fa\u56e0YY\uff0c\u7da0\u8c4c\u8c46\u5247\u5e36\u6709\u96b1\u6027\u57fa\u56e0yy\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u500b\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u7cbe\u5b50\u6216\u5375\u5b50\uff0f\u914d\u5b50(Gamete)\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5c0d\u5076\u57fa\u56e0(allele)\u6703\u9032\u884c\u6e1b\u6578\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500bY\u6216y\uff0c\u518d\u96a8\u6a5f\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u4ee3\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u5408\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86YY\u3001Yy\u3001yy\u4e09\u7a2e\u6027\u72c0\uff0c\u53c8\u56e0\u70baY\u662f\u986f\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u6703\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5916\u5728\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u5168\u5e36\u7da0\u8c4c\u8c46yy\u96b1\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b50\u4ee3\u6703\u5448\u73fe\u7da0\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u57fa\u56e0\u6e1b\u534a\u7684\u6e1b\u6578\u5206\u88c2\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u8c4c\u8c46\u914d\u5c0d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u76f4\u89ba(\u56e0\u524d\u7121\u7814\u7a76)\u3002\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d9320\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5730\u5370\u8b49\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7576\u6642\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u76f8\u7576\u7cbe\u6e96\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7576\u6642\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u8c4c\u8c46\u6027\u72c0\u4e5f\u6070\u597d\u90fd\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u5982\u6b64\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u5b57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u57fa\u56e0\u6e1b\u6578\u4e4b\u8b0e\u3002\u56de\u6eaf\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u5be6\u8b49\u7cbe\u795e\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6642\u79d1\u5b78\u4e5f\u662f\u9760\u8457\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9762\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u6642\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7136\u5f80\u524d\u9081\u9032\u4e00\u5927\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f9e\u6e1b\u6578\u5206\u88c2\u5230\u6a5f\u7387\u8207\u7d71\u8a08<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u79d1\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u76f8\u7576\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u907a\u50b3\u57fa\u56e0\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6e1b\u6578\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u8981\u8ac7\u907a\u50b3\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8ac7\u6a5f\u7387\uff0c\u5728\u8c4c\u8c46\u9019\u6a23\u76f8\u5c0d\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u56e0\u914d\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c1a\u5c6c\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u72c0\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u5171\u540c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u5c31\u6709\u6975\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u914d\u5c0d\u8207\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u7d71\u8a08\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8868\u73fe\u578b\u8ddf\u57fa\u56e0\u578b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5ea6\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5c07\u6578\u5b78\u5f15\u9032\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u6247\u9580\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u56e0\u6a5f\u7387\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u5f15\u8d77\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u5927\u5e2b\u5011\u5c0d\u907a\u50b3\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u6295\u8eab\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u63a8\u4f30\u907a\u50b3\u57fa\u56e0\u5c0d\u4eba\u53e3\u5b78\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u958b\u5275\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\uff08Population Genetics\uff09\u3002\u85c9\u6b64\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u694a\u6559\u6388\u4e5f\u9f13\u52f5\u8207\u6703\u5b78\u5b50\u8981\u5c0d\u5b78\u554f\u4fdd\u6301\u591a\u5143\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u3001\u8208\u8da3\u8207\u6c42\u77e5\u6b32\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u6709\u300c\u6211\u662f\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b78\u79d1\u77e5\u8b58\u4e4b\u9593\u900f\u904e\u300c\u7570\u696d\u7d50\u76df\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u958b\u5275\u5148\u6cb3\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5149\u767c\u71b1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u79d1\u6280\u9032\u5c55\uff1a\u5f9e\u57fa\u56e0\u5230<\/strong><strong>DAN<\/strong><strong>\u5b9a\u5e8f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u9760\u8457\u5bcc\u79d1\u5b78\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u76f4\u89c0\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u57fa\u56e0\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9084\u662f\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u7684\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u7b49\u7d30\u80de\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8301\u58ef\u3002\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u544a\u8a34\u4e86\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u8207\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9760\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u4e00\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6210\u5f62\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d42\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u770b\u5230\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u5b9a\u7121\u8ad6\u52d5\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e86\u7d30\u80de\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u63d0\u51fa\u6e1b\u6578\u5206\u88c2\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u65bc\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u969b\u89c0\u5bdf\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u6642\u600e\u9ebc\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u8b49\u5be6\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u78ba\u5be6\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Theodor Boveri\u548cWalter Sutton\u7d93\u904e\u89c0\u5bdf\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f8c\uff0c\u57281902\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u78ba\u5be6\u64c1\u6709\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\u7a31\u70ba\u907a\u50b3\u56e0\u5b50(hereditary factors)\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u800c\u76f4\u52301910\u5e74\uff0cThomas Hunt Morgan\u65bc1910\u624d\u4ee5\u679c\u8805\u80b2\u7a2e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u771f\u6b63\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002Francis Galton\u5247\u767c\u73fe\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u53ef\u6e2c\u91cf\u6027\u72c0\u7279\u5fb5(measurable traits)\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u53ef\u907a\u50b3\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b78\u751fKarl Pearson\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u751f\u7269\u6e2c\u91cf\u907a\u50b3\u5b78(biometric genetics)\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u6027\u72c0\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u9019\u6a23\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u7cfb\u7d71\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u6027\u72c0\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u8c4c\u8c46\u90a3\u6a23\u4e00\u4e00\u5c0d\u61c9\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6027\u72c0\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u64cd\u63a7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5f8c\u5929\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5148\u5929\u8207\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u4e0d\u592a\u80fd\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u578b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e8c\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5fae(continuous trait)\uff0c\u5982\u8070\u660e\uff0f\u611a\u7b28\u3001\u9ad8\uff0f\u77ee\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u9ed1\u5373\u767d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u7279\u5fb5(dichotomous trait)\u6240\u80fd\u6db5\u84cb\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u591a\u57fa\u56e0\u300d(Polygenic)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u8207\u7279\u5fb5\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u5143\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u57fa\u56e0\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u9084\u6703\u8207\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u75c5\u75c7\u6216\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u5f8c\u5929\u74b0\u5883\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u6027\u5fb5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u694a\u6559\u6388\u7279\u5225\u4ee5\u559c\u99ac\u62c9\u96c5\u5154\u76ae\u6bdb\u984f\u8272\u7684\u8b8a\u63db\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff08environmental factors\uff09\u5c0d\u8868\u73fe\u578b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u559c\u99ac\u62c9\u96c5\u5154\u76ae\u6bdb\u7684\u984f\u8272\u6703\u56e0\u96a8\u6eab\u5ea6\u8b8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u51fa\u73fe\u5c40\u90e8\u9ed1\u6bdb\u5316\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u57fa\u56e0\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5916\u5728\u7684\u6027\u5fb5\u537b\u5f9e\u767d\u6bdb\u8b8a\u70ba\u9ed1\u6bdb\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5145\u5206\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u5f8c\u5929\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6700\u5f8c\u8868\u73fe\u578b\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d30\u80de\u9032\u884c\u6e1b\u6578\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u9075\u5faa\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u4e4b\u7368\u7acb\u5206\u914d\u5f8b(independent assortment)\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914dDNA\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u4ee4\u4eba\u8b9a\u5606\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u6b64\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u78ba\u4fdd\u907a\u50b3\u591a\u5143\u6027(genetic diversity)\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u5df2\u7d93\u76f8\u7576\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4f46\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u5728\u6e1b\u6578\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u6703\u914d\u5c0d\u4e26\u4ea4\u63dbDNA\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6578\u76ee\u6e1b\u534a\uff0c\u66f4\u6703\u56e0\u914d\u5c0d\u4ea4\u63db\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u8d85\u904e\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7368\u7279\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u540c\u7236\u540c\u6bcd\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u59ca\u59b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6e1b\u6578\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u50b3\u9054\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5967\u79d8\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u4fdd\u6301\u591a\u5143\u8b8a\u7570\u5c0d\u65bc\u751f\u547d\u5ef6\u7e8c\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u6211\u5011\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u7368\u7acb\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u8207\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u61c9\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u5b69\u5b50\u8ddf\u6211\u300c\u4e00\u6a23\u597d\u300d\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0a\u91cd\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8b93\u5b69\u5b50\u81ea\u6211\u63ee\u7051\u51fa\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u3002<br \/>\n--<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1a101\/10\/06\u4e0b\u5348\u7531\u694a\u5049\u52db\u6559\u6388\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u61c9\u529b\u6240\u570b\u969b\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u6240\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4e4b\u300c\u7d9c\u89c0\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u907a\u50b3\u300d\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a\u53f0\u5927\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63a2\u7d22\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea72012\u5e7410\u670806\u65e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u8b1b\u3008\u7d9c\u89c0\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u907a\u50b3\u3009<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/CASTUDIO\/course.php?speech_ID=3094#video_top\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5168\u7a0b\u5f71\u97f3<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\ufe5d\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u53f0\u5927\u5916\u6587\u7cfb\u3001\u53f0\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d44\uff0c\u73fe\u70ba\u53f0\u5927\u53f0\u6587\u6240\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\ufe5e<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong><strong>\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aNita Hsu<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f \u64b0\u6587\u2502\u6797\u6b23\u6021 \u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":11915,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,872],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/6009-000108.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11914"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11914"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29244,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11914\/revisions\/29244"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}