{"id":11668,"date":"2012-08-15T21:49:38","date_gmt":"2012-08-15T13:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=11668"},"modified":"2017-08-11T09:56:45","modified_gmt":"2017-08-11T01:56:45","slug":"%e3%80%90%e8%80%83%e5%8f%a4%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%99%bc%e7%8f%be%e4%b8%89%e5%80%8b%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e6%90%ac%e9%80%b2%e6%96%b0%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=11668","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u8003\u53e4\u79d1\u5b78\u3011\u57fa\u56e0\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u4e09\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u642c\u9032\u65b0\u4e16\u754c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0 \u8ab0\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u5462\uff1f\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u8a8d\u70ba\u9996\u5148\u62b5\u9054\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5f9e\u4e9e\u6d32\u7d93\u904e\u4e09\u6b21\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u9077\u5f99\u3002\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u8ddf\u667a\u5229\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u80cc\u666f\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aMartin Barraud\u2502Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u70ba\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u8b49\u5be6\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u7956\u5148\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u4f86\u81ea\u4e9e\u6d32\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5f8c\u4ee3\u3002\u4f4d\u65bc\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u54c8\u4f5b\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5bb6\u5927\u885b\u2027\u745e\u5947(David Reich)\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u662f\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0a\u6a19\u8a18\u51fa\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u4e9e\u6d32\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9032\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u3002\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u6bd4\u8d77\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u9084\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u300d\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u539f\u672c\u7684\u4e09\u6ce2\u9077\u5f99\u5047\u8aaa\uff08three-wave hypothesis\uff09\uff0c\u745e\u5947\u767c\u73fe\u9077\u5f99\u53ea\u5728\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u767c\u751f\u904e\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u4e09\u500b\u8d77\u6e90\u65cf\u7fa4\u5247\u767c\u751f\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u9077\u5f99\u8def\u7dda\u5716\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u8ddf\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u90fd\u8a66\u5716\u627e\u5c0b\u8ddd\u4eca\u81f3\u5c1115,000\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u6a6b\u8d8a\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5cfd\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u53f2\u4e39\u798f\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d04\u745f\u592b\u2027\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Joseph Greenberg\uff09\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u6ce2\u6a21\u578b\uff08three-wave model\uff1bScience, 15 January 1993, p. 312\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u5c07\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u8a9e\u8a00\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u8a9e\uff08Amerindian\uff09\uff0c\u611b\u65af\u57fa\u6469\u2500\u963f\u7559\u7533\u8a9e\uff08Eskimo-Aleut\uff09\uff0c\u7d0d\u2500\u5fb7\u5167\u8a9e\uff08Na-Dene\uff09\u7684\u5206\u7fa4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5247\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u6027\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u8207\u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4DNA\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u8ffd\u8e64\u53ea\u6709\u6bcd\u65b9\u6216\u662f\u7236\u65b9\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u8b5c\u7cfb\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u55ae\u4e00\u8d77\u6e90\u65cf\u7fa4\u767c\u751f\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\u3002\u4f4d\u65bc\u5fb7\u5dde\u9054\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u5357\u885b\u7406\u516c\u6703\u5927\u5b78\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u5927\u885b\u2027\u6885\u723e\u6fa4\uff08David Meltzer\uff09\u6c92\u6709\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u9805\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u771f\u7684\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6574\u6279\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c0d\u4e0a\u55ae\u7368\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4ed6\u5169\u7d44\u65cf\u7fa4\u5247\u8f03\u665a\u624d\u6a6b\u6e21\u6d77\u5cfd\u5169\u5cb8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7fa4\u7559\u4e0b\u5b83\u7684\u5370\u8a18\u65bc\u4f4f\u5728\u9059\u9060\u5317\u65b9\u8aaa\u8457\u611b\u65af\u57fa\u6469\u2500\u963f\u7559\u7533\u8a9e\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u7684\u963f\u7559\u7533\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e7c\u627f\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u7956\u5148\u7684\u5370\u8a18\u3002\u963f\u7559\u7533\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u5169\u500b\u5148\u7956\u5370\u8a18\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u8207\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7684\u6578\u64da\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5169\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u62b5\u9054\u963f\u7559\u7533\u5cf6\uff08Science, 13 January, p. 158\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u683c\u9675\u5cf6\u4e0a\u5370\u7d10\u7279\u4eba\uff08Inuit\uff09\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f80\u6771\u9077\u5f99\u6a6b\u8d8a\u9059\u9060\u7684\u5317\u65b9\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u5357\u65b9\u904e\u4f86\uff08\u9019\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u73fe\u4e4b\u8655\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u6a19\u8a18\u6a21\u5f0f\u6697\u793a\u8457\u6709\u4e9b\u8aaa\u8457\u611b\u65af\u57fa\u6469\u2500\u963f\u7559\u7533\u8a9e\u5e36\u8457\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u7f8e\u6d32\u4ebaDNA\u7684\u4eba\u986f\u7136\u662f\u897f\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4e9e\u6d32\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u5718\u968a\u540c\u6a23\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5148\u7956\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u3002\u4f86\u81ea\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8aaa\u7d0d-\u5fb7\u5167\u8a9e\u7684\u5947\u5e15\u7dad\u5b89\u65cf\uff08Chipewyan\uff09\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6709\u5927\u7d04\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5370\u8a18\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5370\u8a18\u8ddf\u4e2d\u570b\u6f22\u4eba\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e09\u6ce2\u6a21\u578b\u4e26\u975e\u65b0\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5bb6\u827e\u65af\u514b\u2027\u5a01\u52d2\u65af\u96f7\u592b\uff08Eske Willerslev\uff09\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\u9019\u9805\u5047\u8aaa\u662f\u5f88\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u5e0c\u671b\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4ed6\u8aaa\u7d0d-\u5fb7\u5167\u8a9e\u4eba\u7684DNA\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u5e15\u5951\uff08Apache\uff09\u548c\u7d0d\u74e6\u970d\u4eba\uff08Navajo\uff09\uff0c\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5426\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u5e36\u8457\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5275\u5efa\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5148\u7956\u5370\u8a18\u3002\u6885\u723e\u6fa4\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u66f4\u4ed4\u7d30\u5730\u53bb\u5bdf\u770b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7d44\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u7f8e\u6d32\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5275\u5efa\u662f\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u548c\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

--<\/p>\n

 \u5831\u5c0e\u51fa\u8655\uff1aGenes Suggest Three Groups Peopled the New World\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aNita Hsu<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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