{"id":11278,"date":"2012-06-07T10:24:34","date_gmt":"2012-06-07T02:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=11278"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:20:26","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:20:26","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e4%b8%83%e3%80%91%e6%9e%9c%e8%a0%85%e3%80%81%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%81%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=11278","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d22\u4e03\u3011\u679c\u8805\u2027\u57fa\u56e0\u2027\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e94\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11279\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11279\" style=\"width: 507px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=11279\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11279\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full 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class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u7531\u65bc\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u4eba\u628a\u679c\u5be6\u8805\u8207\u679c\u8805\u6df7\u70ba\u4e00\u8ac7\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u679c\u5be6\u8805\u6703\u4e3b\u52d5\u63a1\u98df\u6a39\u4e0a\u679c\u5be6\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u679c\u8fb2\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u8fb2\u696d\u5bb3\u87f2\uff1b\u800c\u679c\u8805\u53ea\u662f\u6536\u62fe\u5730\u4e0a\u8150\u6557\u7684\u679c\u852c\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aNikola Rahme \u2502Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u25a0\u5c0f\u5c0f\u679c\u7e69\u96b1\u85cf\u8457\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5967\u79d8<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587<\/strong>\u2502\u5f35\u601d\u9060<\/p>\n<p>\u679c\u8805\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8b8a\u614b\u6606\u87f2\uff0c\u5f9e\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u917b\u5316\u70ba\u5e7c\u87f2\uff0c\u5e7c\u87f2\u6210\u719f\u5f8c\u5410\u7d72\u81ea\u7e8f\u6210\u86f9\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7fbd\u5316\u7834\u86f9\u800c\u51fa\u70ba\u679c\u8805\u6210\u87f2\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7e3d\u5171\u56db\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u62c9\u4e01\u6587Drosophila\u6307\u4ee3\u679c\u8805\u5c6c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u679c\u8805\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ed1\u8179\u9ec3\u679c\u8805(Drosophila melanogaster)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u679c\u8805\u4f7f\u7528\u84bc\u8805\u62cd\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u8aa4\u628a\u679c\u8805\u7576\u6210\u84bc\u8805\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u679c\u8805\u7684\u9ad4\u8272\u5f9e\u6de1\u68d5\u8272\u5230\u6df1\u9ed1\u8272\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u559c\u65bc\u6f6e\u6fd5\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u9ad4\u578b\u5b0c\u5c0f\uff0c\u8207\u84bc\u8805\u76f8\u8ddd\u61f8\u6b8a\uff0c\u84bc\u8805\u62cd\u5c0d\u679c\u8805\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u61c9\u8a72\u751a\u70ba\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6cbb\u6a19\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cbb\u672c\uff0c\u76e1\u5feb\u6e05\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u70ba\u6070\u7576\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u4eba\u628a\u679c\u5be6\u8805\u8207\u679c\u8805\u6df7\u70ba\u4e00\u8ac7\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u679c\u5be6\u8805\u6703\u4e3b\u52d5\u63a1\u98df\u6a39\u4e0a\u679c\u5be6\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u679c\u8fb2\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u8fb2\u696d\u5bb3\u87f2\uff1b\u800c\u679c\u8805\u53ea\u662f\u6536\u62fe\u5730\u4e0a\u8150\u6557\u7684\u679c\u852c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u679c\u5be6\u8805\u5403\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u679c\u8805\u5247\u5403\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u7684\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8d70\u9032\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b5f\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u8c4c\u8c46\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u63ed\u958b\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u5165\u9078\u6210\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6Morgan\u9996\u6b21\u628a\u91ce\u751f\u9ed1\u8179\u9ec3\u679c\u8805\u5f15\u9032\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u539f\u662f\u7121\u5fc3\u63d2\u67f3\u4e4b\u8209\uff0c\u537b\u5728\u7576\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u96bb\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u767d\u773c\u679c\u8805\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e2d\u91ab\u900f\u904e\u671b\u805e\u554f\u5207\u4ee5\u78ba\u8a8d\u75c5\u56e0\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6027\u72c0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e26\u4e14\u8b58\u5225\u75c7\u72c0\u6240\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u767c\u73fe\u5f15\u8d77\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c0d\u679c\u8805\u7684\u751f\u7269\u73fe\u8c61\u5c55\u958b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u78ba\u7acb\u679c\u8805\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u7269(model organism)\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5f8c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u5f9e\u91ce\u5916\u63a1\u96c6\u5177\u6709\u7a81\u8b8a\u6027\u72c0\u7684\u679c\u8805\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u767d\u773c\u679c\u8805\u7684\u773c\u775b\u984f\u8272\u5916\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u6709\u9ad4\u8272\u3001\u7fc5\u8180\u7b49\u7a81\u8b8a\u5f62\u614b\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cMorgan\u900f\u904e\u767d\u773c\u8207\u7d05\u773c\u679c\u8805\u7684\u96dc\u4ea4\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u8207\u8868\u73fe\u6027\u72c0\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4f4d\u65bc\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u751fSturtevant\u5247\u7e6a\u5236\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e45\u57fa\u56e0\u5716\u8b5c\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u4e0a\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u6392\u5217\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8c50\u78a9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u9a57\u5c0d\u8c61\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5076\u767c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u7121\u7570\u65bc\u5b88\u682a\u5f85\u5154\uff0c\u6642\u800c\u6536\u7372\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u6642\u800c\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u7372\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u8089\u773c\u80fd\u5920\u660e\u78ba\u8fa8\u6790\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u6027\u72c0\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u6027\u72c0\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u4e86\u4eba\u70ba\u8a98\u767c\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u70baMorgan\u7684\u5b78\u751fMuller\u767c\u73feX\u5c04\u7dda\u80fd\u5920\u8a98\u767c\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u679c\u8805\u900f\u904eX\u5c04\u7dda\u8a98\u767c\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u6027\u72c0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u767d\u773c\u3001\u5c0f\u7fc5\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u7a81\u8b8a\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u5230X\u5c04\u7dda\u6240\u8a98\u767c\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u5f62\u614b\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u5076\u767c\u7a81\u8b8a\u75c7\u72c0\u5fc5\u7136\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u9805\u6280\u8853\u7a81\u7834\u63a8\u52d5\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u767c\u5c55\uff0cMuller\u56e0\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u958b\u555f\u767c\u80b2\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u65b0\u9801<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u679c\u8805\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u662f\u7531\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u90e8\u9032\u884c\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u540c\u6b65\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u6838\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u5206\u88c2\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u5404\u81ea\u5f80\u5916\u570d\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u80da\u80ce\u9032\u884c\u5206\u7bc0\uff0c\u982d\u80f8\u8179\u5404\u90e8\u4f4d\u9ad4\u7bc0\u958b\u59cb\u6f38\u9732\u96db\u5f62\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u7981\u6703\u554f\uff0c\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u80da\u80ce\u6e90\u81ea\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u5206\u88c2\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a5f\u5236\u8b93\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u80fd\u5920\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u817f\u4e0d\u6703\u9577\u6210\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u89f8\u9b1a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u9577\u6210\u817f\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u679c\u8805\u70ba\u96d9\u7fc5\u76ee\u6606\u87f2\uff0c\u4e2d\u80f8\u9577\u6709\u4e00\u5c0d\u524d\u7fc5\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0d\u9000\u5316\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5e73\u8861\u68d2\uff0c\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u96d9\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u800c\u96d9\u80f8\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u679c\u8805\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4e2d\u80f8\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u58ef\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5169\u500b\u80f8\u7bc0\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u9577\u6709\u4e00\u5c0d\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u68d2\u9577\u6210\u70ba\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96d9\u80f8\u7a81\u8b8a\u679c\u8805\u8f03\u6b63\u5e38\u679c\u8805\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u96d9\u7fc5\u8180\u537b\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u5c0d\u5e73\u8861\u68d2\uff0c\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5bb6Lewis\u7a31\u9019\u7a2e\u628a\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u69cb\u9020\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u540c\u6e90\u8f49\u5316(homeosis)\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u5169\u96bb\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u679c\u8805\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u767c\u80b2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u78ba\u57fa\u56e0\u8abf\u63a7\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u8abf\u63a7\u751f\u7269\u5f62\u9ad4\u6027\u72c0\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0(homeotic genes)\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u767c\u751f\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u8af8\u5982\u5e73\u8861\u68d2\u9577\u6210\u7fc5\u8180\u6216\u8005\u89f8\u9b1a\u90e8\u4f4d\u9577\u51fa\u8173\u7684\u7570\u5e38\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\u4ea6\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89c0\u5bdf\u7a81\u8b8a\u75c7\u72c0\u8ffd\u8e64\u907a\u50b3\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u5c0d\u65bc\u679c\u8805\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u91dd\u5c0d\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u63a2\u8a0e\u5c31\u5be5\u5be5\u7121\u5e7e\uff0c\u53d7\u5230Lewis\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6N\u00fcsslein-Volhard\u8207Wieschaus\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u679c\u8805\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8a98\u767c\u80da\u80ce\u81f4\u6b7b\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u89c0\u5bdf\u7a81\u8b8a\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u96d9\u982d\u3001\u96d9\u5c3e\u3001\u7121\u5c3e\u7b49\u80da\u80ce\u7a81\u8b8a\u6027\u72c0\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u679c\u8805\u80da\u80ce\u8eab\u9ad4\u6b98\u7f3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u7f3a\u9677\u904e\u65bc\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7121\u6cd5\u7834\u5375\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8a18\u9304\u9019\u4e9b\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u81f4\u6b7b\u6642\u671f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f62\u614b\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u679c\u8805\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7db2\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u65bc\u767c\u73fe\u80da\u80ce\u7d30\u80de\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u69cb\u57fa\u56e0\u63a7\u5236\u65e9\u671f\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u4e09\u4f4d\u5b78\u8005\u5171\u540c\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6210\u70ba\u884c\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u54e1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u63a2\u6c42\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u884c\u70ba\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6Benzer\u53f2\u7121\u524d\u4f8b\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8a98\u767c\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8207\u5bb9\u6613\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u6027\u72c0\u7279\u5fb5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5f80\u5f80\u7d1b\u7e41\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7834\u58de\u679c\u8805\u57fa\u56e0\u81f4\u4f7f\u5176\u884c\u52d5\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u5305\u62ec\u8993\u98df\u3001\u4f5c\u606f\u3001\u6c42\u5076\u7b49\u7b49\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u884c\u70ba\u7570\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5668\u5b98\u75c5\u8b8a\u6240\u884d\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u57fa\u56e0\u6240\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u6539\u8b8a\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u76f8\u95dc\u800c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u8b49\u660e\u64cd\u5f04\u57fa\u56e0\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u76f8\u61c9\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u884c\u70ba\u6539\u8b8a\u78ba\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u5c0d\u61c9\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u679c\u8805\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6b65\u8abf\u4ee5\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\u70ba\u4e00\u9031\u671f\uff0c\u65e5\u51fa\u800c\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e5\u843d\u800c\u606f\uff0cBenzer\u900f\u904e\u8a98\u767c\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u679c\u8805\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6642\u9418\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u4e0d\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u6f2b\u9577\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u77ed\u66ab\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7bc0\u594f\u7d0a\u4e82\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u4f5c\u606f\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9d\u64da\u65e5\u51fa\u65e5\u843d\uff0c\u7d14\u7cb9\u6211\u884c\u6211\u7d20\uff0cBenzer\u8ddf\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u751fKonopka\u56e0\u6b64\u627e\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u65e5\u5468\u6027\u7bc0\u5f8b\u7684\u9031\u671f\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u9031\u671f\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0d\u50c5\u8ca0\u8cac\u8abf\u63a7\u679c\u8805\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u9031\u671f\uff0c\u64d4\u7576\u6642\u9593\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9084\u6c7a\u5b9a\u679c\u8805\u6c42\u5076\u6642\u7684\u632f\u7fc5\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u6c42\u5076\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u8a98\u767c\u65e5\u5468\u6027\u7a81\u8b8a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8b93\u679c\u8805\u4efb\u4f55\u5668\u5b98\u53d7\u640d\uff0c\u800c\u64fe\u4e82\u4e86\u4f5c\u606f\u8207\u6c42\u5076\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u6539\u8b8a\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u6c7a\u5b9a\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8e0f\u4e0a\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a18\u61b6\u4e4b\u8def<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u9234\u8072\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u72d7\u96bb\u553e\u6db2\u5206\u6ccc\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u8005\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e2d\u6027\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u72d7\u96bb\u5782\u6d8e\u6b32\u6ef4\uff0c\u91cd\u8907\u6578\u6b21\u7684\u9234\u8072\u97ff\u8d77\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u98df\u7269\u4f9b\u61c9\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u72d7\u96bb\u5b78\u7fd2\u5230\u9234\u8072\u8207\u98df\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff0c\u723e\u5f8c\u5373\u4f7f\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u9234\u8072\u4e5f\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ee4\u72d7\u96bb\u5782\u6d8e\u6b32\u6ef4\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u5236\u7d04(Classical conditioning)\uff1b\u6309\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6309\u9215\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u89f8\u52d5\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6309\u9215\u5247\u6703\u906d\u53d7\u96fb\u64ca\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u7d93\u904e\u6578\u6b21\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u5230\u6309\u9375\u8ddf\u916c\u8cde\u61f2\u7f70\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u5b78\u6703\u300c\u8da8\u5409\u907f\u51f6\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u5236\u7d04(Operant conditioning)\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u53e4\u5178\u5236\u7d04\u6216\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u5236\u7d04\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u72d7\u96bb\u8ddf\u8001\u9f20\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9a57\u8b49\uff0c\u679c\u8805\u53c8\u80fd\u5426\u52dd\u4efb\u5176\u4e2d\uff1f\u70ba\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u679c\u8805\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a18\u61b6\uff0cBenzer\u904b\u7528\u4e86\u5176\u81ea\u884c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u679c\u8805\u5b78\u7fd2\u6e2c\u8a66\u5668\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531Tully\u6240\u7814\u767c\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u679c\u8805\u5b78\u7fd2\u6e2c\u8a66\u5668\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u6e2c\u8a66\u5668\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u500b\u4f11\u606f\u5ba4\uff0c\u5169\u9593\u6559\u5ba4\u548c\u5169\u500b\u8a66\u5834\uff0c\u7e3d\u540c\u4e94\u500b\u623f\u9593\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u689d\u8d70\u5eca\uff0c\u679c\u8805\u7a0d\u4e8b\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9032\u5165\u5b78\u7fd2\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u5169\u9593\u6559\u5ba4\u5206\u5225\u5145\u6eff\u5169\u7a2e\u6c23\u5473\uff0c\u6c23\u5473\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u679c\u8805\u504f\u597d\u8207\u53ad\u60e1\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c23\u5473\u6703\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u96fb\u64ca\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u662f\u8003\u9a57\u679c\u8805\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5920\u7fd2\u5f97\u6c23\u5473\u8207\u96fb\u64ca\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u5169\u9593\u8a66\u5834\u5206\u5225\u7f6e\u6709\u6b64\u524d\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u6c23\u5473\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6703\u57cb\u4f0f\u96fb\u64ca\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5b78\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u525b\u624d\u6c92\u6709\u9644\u5e36\u96fb\u64ca\u7684\u6c23\u5473\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u5b78\u6703\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u96a8\u6a5f\u6f2b\u6b65\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u6b63\u5e38\u679c\u8805\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u901a\u904e\u8003\u8a66\uff0c\u60df\u7368dunce\u679c\u8805\u8868\u73fe\u5f37\u5dee\u4eba\u610f\u300d\uff0cdunce\u679c\u8805\u662fBenzer\u5229\u7528\u8a98\u767c\u7a81\u8b8a\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u7a81\u8b8a\u578b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u679c\u8805\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c23\u5473\u8207\u96fb\u64ca\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u98a8\u99ac\u725b\u4e0d\u76f8\u53ca\u7684\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8207\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6e2c\u8a66\u5668\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6392\u9664\u96dc\u8a0a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f37\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6e2c\u8a66\u5668\u5206\u70ba\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5169\u5c64\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u4ee5\u96fb\u68af\u9023\u63a5\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c64\u70ba\u8a13\u7df4\u5340\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u5c0d\u7f6e\u8eab\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u679c\u8805\u901a\u5165\u5169\u7a2e\u6c23\u5473\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u642d\u914d\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c23\u5473\u65bd\u653e\u96fb\u64ca\uff0c\u53d7\u8a13\u5b8c\u7562\u5f8c\u7d93\u7531\u96fb\u68af\u76f4\u63a5\u9001\u5230\u4e0a\u5c64\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u8207\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u6e2c\u8a66\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u904e\u8003\u8a66\u7684\u679c\u8805\u5148\u4e0d\u8981\u6cbe\u6cbe\u81ea\u559c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8003\u8a66\u7d50\u675f\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u5f8c\u518d\u9032\u884c\u65bd\u6e2c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u679c\u8805\u5448\u73fe\u660e\u986f\u907a\u5fd8\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u904e\u5f8c\u5168\u90e8\u679c\u8805\u7336\u5982\u56de\u5230\u672a\u7d93\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u8981\u6c42\u679c\u8805\u904e\u76ee\u4e0d\u5fd8\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u662f\u5f37\u300c\u8805\u300d\u6240\u96e3\uff0c\u679c\u8805\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7d93\u904e\u7a69\u56fa\u624d\u80fd\u9577\u671f\u4fdd\u6709\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u679c\u8805\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5c31\u8d8a\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u8d8a\u662f\u88ab\u96fb\u5c31\u8d8a\u80fd\u8da8\u5409\u907f\u51f6\uff0c\u679c\u8805\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u719f\u80fd\u751f\u5de7\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u4e5f\u8b49\u660e\u898f\u5f8b\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u81e8\u9663\u78e8\u69cd\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u8003\u8a66\u6210\u7e3e\u4e0a\u76f8\u5dee\u7121\u5e7e\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u7dad\u6301\u4e0a\uff0c\u898f\u5f8b\u5b78\u7fd2\u660e\u986f\u5360\u512a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u77ac\u9593\u7206\u767c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u81e8\u6e34\u6398\u4e95\u78ba\u80fd\u7acb\u7aff\u898b\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8a13\u7df4\u5f97\u5b9c\uff0c\u679c\u8805\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7121\u540d\u82f1\u96c4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u985e\u671f\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u5b0c\u5c0f\u7684\u679c\u8805\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5957\u7528\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u4e0a\uff0c\u56de\u671b\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u679c\u8805\u4e00\u76f4\u9ed8\u9ed8\u63a8\u52d5\u79d1\u5b78\u524d\u9032\uff0c\u5f9e\u6210\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u7269\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u7a81\u8b8a\u6027\u72c0\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u63a2\u8a0e\u3001\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u767c\u80b2\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u63a2\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u8b49\u660e\u679c\u8805\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u8070\u660e\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a18\u61b6\u6e2c\u9a57\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u9084\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u4e00\u76e1\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u679c\u8805\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u8457\u5f88\u591a\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u624b\u6307\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u4e94\u6839\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u4e0d\u6703\u9577\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u898f\u5f8b\u5b78\u7fd2\u8ddf\u81e8\u9663\u78e8\u69cd\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ddf\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u4e0d\u8b00\u800c\u5408\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5049\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u679c\u8805\u72a7\u7272\u5949\u737b\u6240\u5f97\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u5230\u7fa4\u98db\u4e82\u821e\u7684\u679c\u8805\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u59a8\u505c\u4e0b\u4f86\u601d\u7d22\u4e00\u756a\u3002<br \/>\n--<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1a101\/05\/19\u4e0b\u5348\u7531\u4e01\u7167\u68e3\u6559\u6388\u5728\u81fa\u5927\u61c9\u529b\u6240\u570b\u969b\u6f14\u8b1b\u5ef3\u6240\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4e4b\u300c\u679c\u8805\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u300d\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a\u53f0\u5927\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63a2\u7d22\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u8b1b\u5ea72012\u5e7405\u670819\u65e5\u7b2c\u4e94\u8b1b\u3008\u679c\u8805\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u3009<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/CASTUDIO\/course.php?speech_ID=3018#video_top\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u5168\u7a0b\u5f71\u97f3<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\ufe5d\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u53f0\u5927\u8ca1\u91d1\u7cfb\uff0c\u73fe\u70ba\u53f0\u5927\u79d1\u6cd5\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002\ufe5e<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong><strong>\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aNita Hsu<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?attachment_id=11288\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11288\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-11288\" title=\"Drosophila\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/Drosophila.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/Drosophila.png 234w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/Drosophila-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e94\u8b1b\u2027\u7279\u7a3f \u25a0\u5c0f\u5c0f\u679c\u7e69\u96b1\u85cf\u8457\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,761],"tags":[129,796,795,614],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11278"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11278"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18475,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11278\/revisions\/18475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}